ACE test 1 Review questions Flashcards
When performing a seated row exercise, you notice the client’s shoulders rising up toward his ears during each repetition. What is MOST likely causing this movement error?
Tight upper trapezius overpowering weakness in the middle and lower trapezius
When the upper trapezius is tight and the middle and lower trapezius are weak, the scapulae elevate during scapular retraction movements that are seen during exercises such as the seated row. This occurs because the tight upper trapezius keep the scapulae high, pulling his shoulders up toward his ears with each repetition, while the weak scapular depressors (middle and lower trapezius) are not strong enough to overcome the tightness in the upper trapezius.
What is the MOST appropriate method for correcting a client’s form during an exercise in which the client demonstrates an undesirable forward-head posture?
This is the MOST appropriate response of the options available. An effective method for correcting a client’s exercise performance is to place your hand in the desired position and ask the client to move the body segment that is out of alignment to touch it. If the client has a forward-head posture, put your hand where her head would be with good alignment and instruct her to glide her head back to touch your hand. These techniques encourage the person to actively and safely assume the correct position
The initial assessment with a new client reveals that her waist circumference is 35 inches and her hip circumference is 34 inches. Which of the following statements about these measurements is MOST accurate?
Upper-body or abdominal obesity is known to increase health risk. This client’s waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) equates to 1.029 (35 inches divided by 34 inches), which places her in the category of “at risk” for health problems.
P.209
A client wants to quickly lose the 20 pounds (9.1 kg) he has gained during the past 10 years. Which of the following timeframes would be MOST appropriate for him to safely achieve his weight-loss goal?
According to most experts, a sensible diet-exercise approach to weight reduction tends to produce a rate of weight loss of approximately 1 to 2 pounds per week. This equates to a 10- to 20-week timeframe for the client to safely achieve his weight loss goal, with 3 to 5 months being the only answer that falls within this timeframe.
P. 174
Henry is a healthy, 29-year-old male with no prior exercise experience. After an initial muscle-conditioning program that focused first on stability and mobility, followed by movement training with 1–2 sets of 15 repetitions of light- to moderate-intensity exercises for all major movements, Henry is ready to progress to a program that will help him work toward his goal of increasing muscle mass.
Which intensity range is MOST appropriate for causing muscular fatigue in an appropriate number of repetitions to facilitate muscle hypertrophy?
60-80% 1RM
This answer is correct because eight to 12 repetitions corresponds with 70 to 80% of maximum resistance (1 RM) and is a sound training recommendation for safe and productive muscular hypertrophy
P. 355
Larry is a client with whom you have been working for the past three months. During that time, he has cancelled or failed to show up for approximately 20% of scheduled workout sessions with you. Recently, Larry’s work commitments have increased and he informs you that he will not be exercising until his work load decreases. In which stage of the transtheoretical model of behavioral change would Larry CURRENTLY be categorized?
Contemplation
What is a diabetic client MOST likely to experience if he or she takes too much insulin prior to an exercise session?
Hypoglycemia
Insulin causes glucose to move from the circulatory system into the working cells. Exercise has an insulin-like effect, resulting in increased glucose uptake by the cells as well. Therefore, if a client takes too much insulin prior to exercise, the client would have two factors (insulin and exercise) that would be facilitating increased glucose uptake by the cells. This will cause a drop in blood glucose, potentially leading to low blood glucose, or hypoglycemia.
When performing initial cardiorespiratory fitness assessments with a client who is taking a beta blocker, which of the following medication-related effects SHOULD be expected?
Decreased exercise heart rate and decreased resting heart rate. P. 132
Generally, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, or beta blockers, cause both a decreased exercise heart rate and a decreased resting heart rate.
Postural screening performed with a new client reveals that he has a posterior pelvic tilt and a decreased anterior curvature of the lower back. Based on this information, which muscles should be of PRIMARY focus in this client’s flexibility program?
Rectus Abdominus and Hamstrings
These two muscle groups work together to create a force couple to tilt the pelvis posteriorly. When they are tight, or shortened in length, the rectus abdominis will pull up on the front of the pelvis, while the hamstrings will pull down on the back of the pelvis. This would keep the pelvis in a position of posterior tilt during standing posture. Therefore, this answer is correct.
Cindy’s first attempt at the incline bench press exercise appears shaky and uncoordinated. After the set, Cindy comments that she had a hard time feeling her chest muscles working and that it was challenging to move her arms in a controlled manner. Which stage of learning BEST correlates with Cindy’s performance?
Cognitive
You have just completed McGill’s torso muscular endurance test battery with a client. Which of the following results from this battery of assessments should be of PRIMARY focus when designing this client’s exercise program, as it is indicative of a muscle imbalance that can lead to back pain?
Right-side bridge:Left-side bridge ratio = 1.09 (85 seconds:78 seconds) P.187
This response is correct. The Right-side bridge:Left-side bridge ratio should be no greater than + 0.05 from a balanced score of 1.0. This puts acceptable values between 0.95 and 1.05 for this ratio. The client described in this example has a Right-side bridge:Left-side bridge ratio of 1.09, which is outside the acceptable range and indicates a right:left muscle imbalance that could lead to back pain.
As you are assessing a new client’s static posture from the posterior view, you observe that the medial borders and inferior angle of his scapulae protrude away from the posterior surface of his back. This postural deviation is commonly referred to as “scapular winging.” Which of the following muscles should be of PRIMARY focus in his resistance-training program, as it is most likely weak and contributing to this postural deviation?
Serratus anterior P. 160
Weakness in the serratus anterior can result in an inability of these scapular muscles to hold the medial border of the scapula in place against the ribs. This is known as scapular “winging” and results in instability in the scapulothoracic joint that can lead to instability and injury in the shoulder girdle and/or shoulder joint. Personal trainers who see scapular winging should help the clients strengthen the serratus anterior, as well as the rhomboids, which are also often weak with scapular winging. In addition, trainers should help clients learn how to “pack” their scapulae by retracting and depressing the scapulae.
On her health screening form, Carrie indicates that she has been diagnosed with “tennis elbow.” Which of the following anatomical structures is MOST affected by this condition?
The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
“Tennis elbow” is a common name for lateral epicondylitis, or inflammation of the wrist extensor tendons at their origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
At your request, a client visits his physician regarding recurrent leg pain. The physician diagnoses him with sciatica and instructs him to complete physical therapy for his problem. Which muscle is MOST commonly involved with sciatica due to its location relative to the sciatic nerve?
Piriformis
The “talk test” would be LEAST appropriate for which of the following clients?
A marathon runner trying to qualify for the Boston Marathon
This response is correct because this marathon runner has a performance goal that would be best met with a periodized program that has specific training time spent below VT1, from VT1 to below VT2, and VT2 and above; or Zones 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The Submaximal Talk Test could be administered to help this runner find his or her training heart rate (HR) at VT1, and the VT2 Threshold Test could be used to help this runner find his or her HR at VT2. Once these HRs are known, the personal trainer could build out a periodized training program to help the client increase running speed and stamina to build toward the Boston Marathon goal.
