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Human Geography > Human Geography Ch. 8 > Flashcards

Human Geography Ch. 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of a State

A
  • Area organized into a political unit
  • Ruled by an established government (has control over its internal and foreign affairs)
  • Occupies defined territory on Earth’s surface
  • Contains a permanent population
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2
Q

50 U.S. States = _________ ___________

A

local governments

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3
Q

A state having control over its internal affairs without interference from other states

A

Sovereignty

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4
Q

Most important global organization

A

The United Nations (UN)

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5
Q

How many countries are a part of the United Nations?

A

193

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6
Q

How many governments does Korea have?

A

2

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7
Q

Which Korea has widespread poverty?

A

North Korea

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8
Q

Which Korea is a free marker?

A

South Korea

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9
Q

Has defined waters extending various distances from the coastlines of states

A

The Law of the Sea

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10
Q

How many countries signed the Law of the Sea?

A

167

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11
Q

Where are disputes for the Law of the Sea taken?

A

Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or International Court of Justice

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12
Q

Sovereign state that comprises a town and surrounding countryside

A

City-State

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13
Q

First states to develop city-states

A

Mesopotamia

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14
Q

What is the most important criteria used to create new states for European States?

A

Language

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15
Q

A large group of people united by common cultural characteristics (language, ethnicity, shared history)

A

Nation

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16
Q

The right of ethnic groups to govern themselves within sovereign states

A

Self-determination

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17
Q

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular nation

A

Nation-state

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18
Q

What are nation-states like in Europe?

A

Boundaries follow closely to leading ethnic groups

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19
Q

Contains more than one nation

A

Multination states

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20
Q

What kind of nation was the Soviet Union until its collapse in 1991?

A

Multination State

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21
Q

What is currently the world’s largest multinational state?

A

Russia

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22
Q

Territory legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent

A

Colonies

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23
Q

Effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory

A

Colonialism

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24
Q

Colonialism imposes its ________, ________, and _________ principles on that territory

A

political, economic, cultural

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25
Q

What are the 3 reasons for European colonies?

A
  • Promotion of Christianity
  • Resource Extraction
  • Establishment of political power
    “God, Glory, and Gold”
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26
Q

Who are the largest colonizers in Europe?

A

UK and France
(UK had colonies in every region of the world)

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27
Q

The UN identifies ____ remaining colonies and are primarily _________.

A

17, islands

28
Q

What is an example of a remaining colony?

A

Puerto Rice
- Citizens of U.S., don’t participate in U.S. elections or have voting member of Congress

29
Q

Only large land mass on Earth not a state

A

Antartica

30
Q

What is allowed and/or not allowed in Antartica?

A
  • State may establish research stations for scientific
  • No military activities are permitted
31
Q

Invisible line in marking extent of state’s territory

A

Boundaries

32
Q

Easily seen on ground and on a map

A

Physical Boundaries

33
Q

What are the 3 types of physical boundaries?

A
  • Desert Boundaries
  • Mountain Boundaries
  • Water Boundaries
34
Q

Characteristics of Desert Boundaries

A
  • Hard to cross
  • Sparsely populated
  • Ex: Sahara Desert countries (Egypt, Libya, Sudan)
35
Q

Characteristics of Mountain Boundaries

A
  • Effective if difficult to cross
  • Permanent and sparsely populated
  • Ex: Chile and Argentina
36
Q

Characteristics of Water Boundaries

A
  • Rivers, lakes, oceans used because visible on maps
  • Historically offered good protection
  • Ex: Germany and France
37
Q

What are cultural boundaries separated by?

A
  • Different languages
  • Religions
  • Ethnicities
38
Q

What are the 3 types of Boundaries?

A
  • Physical Boundaries
  • Cultural Boundaries
  • Geometric Boundaries
39
Q

Characteristics of Geometric Boundaries?

A
  • Human placed
  • Straight lines drawn on a map
  • Ex: U.S. boundary with Canada
40
Q

How long is the U.S. and Canada border and along what latitude?

A

1,300 miles along 49°N Lat.

41
Q

What are the 5 basic shapes countries have?

A
  • Elongated
  • Fragmented
  • Prorupted
  • Compact
  • Perforated
42
Q

Characteristics of Elongated States

A
  • Long, narrow shape
  • Possible isolation due to poor internal communication
  • Ex: Gambia, Italy, Chile
43
Q

Characteristics of Fragmented States

A
  • Problematic
  • Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory
44
Q

What are the 2 kinds of Fragmented states?

A
  • Separated by intervening states (Ex: Angola)
  • Separated by water (Ex: Indonesia)
45
Q

Compact state with a large projecting extension

A

Prorupted States

46
Q

Characteristics of Compact States

A
  • Efficient
  • Good communication with capital near center
  • Distance from center to boundary in any direction does not vary by much (Ex: Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya)
47
Q

State that completely surrounds another state

A

Perforated States

48
Q

Examples of Perforated States

A
  • South Africa and Lesotho
  • Italy and the Vatican
49
Q

Lacks a direct access to sea - completely surrounded by other countries

A

Landlocked States

50
Q

What are examples of landlocked states?

A

Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe

51
Q

A state has two types of government:

A
  • National
  • Local
52
Q

What are the 3 ways a national government regime could be classified as?

A
  • Democracy
  • Autocracy
  • Anocracy
53
Q

Country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office

A

Democracy

54
Q

Country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people

A

Autocracy

55
Q

Country that is not fully democratic nor fully autocratic (displays a mix of the 2 types of government)

A

Anocracy

56
Q

In general, the world has become more __________

A

democratic

57
Q

What are the two types of local governments?

A
  • Unitary State
  • Federal State
58
Q

Characteristics of Unitary State

A
  • Allocated most power to federal government
  • Local governments have relatively little power
  • Works best with strong national identity
59
Q

Characteristics of Federal State

A
  • Strong powers are allocated to units of local government
  • Suitable for larger states like Russia, U.S., and India
60
Q

Redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power

A

Gerrymandering

61
Q

States cooperate with each other for economic and military reasons

A

Cooperation

62
Q

Characteristics of the European Union (EU)

A
  • Promotes economic and political cooperation
  • 27 members (2022)
  • EU has removed most barriers to free trade
63
Q

Systematic use of violence by a group to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population

A

Terrorism

64
Q

When was the most dramatic terrorist attack on the U.S.?

A

September 11, 2001

65
Q

Characteristics of terrorist groups

A
  • Almost operates as a business
  • Not a single, unified organization
  • Encompasses local franchises
  • Religion often used to justify attacks
66
Q

Characteristics of the Islamic State (ISIS)

A
  • Terrorist organization operating in Southwest Asia
  • Members are Sunni Muslims who seek to impose strict religious laws through Southwest Asia

Human Geography (13 decks)

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