Human Geography Ch. 13 Flashcards
Urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
Smaller urban areas (10,000 - 50,000) inhabitants
Micropolitan Statistical Area
County within which city is located
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
County and adjacent counties tied to city
Micropolitan Statistical Area
Urban settlement legally incorporated into independent self-governing unit
Central City
Central city and surrounding built-up suburbs
Urban area
About 70% of U.S. population is in a…
urban area
Urban area with at least 50,000 people
Urbanized areas
Urban area (2,500 - 50,000 people)
Urban cluster
Metropolitan areas that are so close together that they form one continuous urban complex
Megalopolis “great city”
Where is an example of a Megalopolis?
Northeast U.S. from north of Boston to south of D.C.
Best-known area of most central cities
Central Business District (CBD) - “downtown”
Characteristics of the central business district
- Compact
- Usually one of the oldest districts in city
- Visually distinct
- Contains consumer, business, and public services
- Focal point of region’s transportation network
(Business Services) Professionals still exchange information via ______ - ___-______ contact
face-to-face
Business services are _______ located to facilitate rapid communication of fast-breaking news
centrally
(Consumer Services) Some CBDs shopping areas have been revitalized:
- Attract suburban shoppers and tourists
- Centers of entertainment
(Consumer Services) Once facilitated by large department stores but have relocated to ________ _______
suburban malls
(Consumer Services) What are examples of store types that serve people who work in center and shop during lunch or working hours?
- Office Supplies
- Clothing Sales
Why would public services cluster in CBD?
to facilitate access for people living in all parts of town
Examples of public services in CBD:
- Convention centers
- City halls
- Courts
- Libraries
What are convention centers in CBD trying to accomplish?
Effort to stimulate downtown economy
What are the 3 models of urban structure?
- Concentric Zone Model
- Sector Model
- Multiple Nuclei Model
City grows outward from a central area in a series of rings
Concentric Zone Model
What are the 5 rings of the concentric zone model?
- CBD
- Zone in transition
- Zone of independent workers homes
- Zone of better residences
- Commuter’s zone
Characteristics of the Sector Model
- City develops in a series of sectors
- Expand outward in a wedge from center as it grows
- Best housing in a corridor extending from downtown to outer edge of city
- Industry and retail develop along transportation routes
City is complex structure with more than one center around which activities revolve
Multiple Nuclei Model
What are examples of multiple nuclei model
ports, neighborhood business centers, universities, airports, parks
Nodes of consumer and business services around beltway
Edge cities
Characteristics of the Peripheral Model
- Urban area
- Business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road
- Edge cities
What does social area analysis help to create?
Helps to create an overall picture of where various types of people tend to live
(Social Area Analysis) Urban areas are divided into census tracts that contain about _____ residents
5,000
The Census is every ___ years
10
Characteristics of Social Area Analysis - Concentric Zones
- Households in older houses likely to live in inner ring
- Households in a newer house in an outer ring
People with the same ethnic or racial background are likely to live near each other
Social Area Analysis - Nuclei
_____ people live in the CBDs of Europe cities than those of the U.S.
More
Progressive spread of development of suburbs over the landscape
Sprawl
What are the results of Sprawl?
- Roads and utilities must be extended
- Higher fuel consumption
- Loss of agricultural land
Retailing has increasingly concentrated in:
- Planned suburban shopping malls
- Auto-friendly strip malls
- Big-box stores
Suburban retailing is surrounded by:
ample parking
U.S. has ______ motor vehicles than licensed drivers
more
Is urban transportation encouraged by U.S. government?
yes
Most Americans still prefer to commute by ______
vehicle
What are the inner-city challenges?
- Inadequate job skills
- Culture of poverty
- Crime (serious - murder)
- Drugs
- Homelessness
- Inadequate services (food deserts)
- Deteriorating housing
- Municipal finances
___% of children in inner-city live with one parent
80%
Process by which higher-income people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate housing
Gentrification
Why do people practice gentrification?
- Larger, cheaper housing
- Closer to place of work (downtown)
- Proximity to amenities
Gentrification appeals to:
appeals to singles and childless couples
