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Human Geography > Human Geography Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Human Geography Ch. 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

A

Service

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of services?

A
  • Consumer Services
  • Business Services
  • Public Services
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3
Q

Characteristics of Consumer Services

A
  • Provide services to individual consumers
  • About 50% of U.S. jobs
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4
Q

What are the main types of consumer services?

A
  • Retail
  • Education
  • Health
  • Leisure
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5
Q

Characteristics of Business Services

A
  • Facilitate other businesses
  • About 25% of U.S. jobs
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6
Q

What are the main types of business services

A
  • Professional
  • Financial
  • Transportation services
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7
Q

Characteristics of Public Services

A
  • Provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
  • About 8% of U.S. Jobs
  • DECREASING
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8
Q

What are the main types of public services?

A
  • Education
  • Government job
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9
Q

It is _______ to make a distinction among the 3 types of services

A

difficult

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10
Q

Permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services

A

Settlement

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11
Q

Services located in _______

A

settlements

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12
Q

All growth in employment in U.S. =

A

services

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13
Q

Explains how most profitable location can be identified

A

Central Place Theory

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14
Q

Market center where people cluster to buy and sell goods and services, maximize

A

Central Place

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15
Q

Area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted

A

Market area or Hinterland

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16
Q

Consumers will seek to obtain goods and services from nearest locations

A

node, or market area

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17
Q

Max distance people willing to travel to use a service

A

Range

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18
Q

High-order goods = _______ range

A

longer

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19
Q

What is an example of a high-order good

A

Stadium

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20
Q

Low-order good = ________ range

A

shorter

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21
Q

What is an example of low-order goods?

A

Groceries

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22
Q

Minimum number of people needed to support a service

A

Threshold

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23
Q

Determine range, then high enough threshold within a range

A

Threshold of a service

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24
Q

Product determines how consumers are counted:

A

Age, gender, income, education

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25
Q

Closer to periphery, more likely they will select another location

A

Geometry Market Area

26
Q

What is the Geometry Market Area also called?

A

The Hexagon Compromise

27
Q

Why would someone travel greater distances for a consumer service?

A
  • Price is much lower
  • Item is unavailable locally
28
Q

4 characteristics of profitability of a location

A
  1. Define market area
  2. Estimate Range
  3. Estimate threshold (varies)
  4. Predict market share
29
Q

How can a service define market area?

A

Use zip code data to obtain customer info

30
Q

What is the estimated range of a dollar store?

A

15 minutes

31
Q

What is the estimated range of Target?

A

30 minutes

32
Q

What is the estimated threshold of a dollar store?

A

25,000

33
Q

What is the estimated threshold of Target?

A

100,000

34
Q

Proposed new consumer service share customers with competitors

A

Predict market share

35
Q

Characteristics of a Food Desert

A
  • Area has a substantial amount of low-income residents
  • Poor access to a grocery store (further than 1 mile)
  • Retailers less likely to place shops in low-income neighborhoods
36
Q

Services that involve sharing have expanded rapidly

A

Sharing Services

37
Q

Examples of Sharing Services

A
  • Ride sharing services = Uber and Lyft
  • Airbnb
38
Q

What are the three hierarchy of business services?

A
  1. Global City
  2. Consumer and Public Services in Global Cities
  3. Business Services in Global Cities
39
Q

What are the factors of Global City?

A
  • Economy
  • Political
  • Cultural
  • Infrastructure
40
Q

Characteristics of Consumer and Public Services in Global Cities

A
  • Consumer services with extensive market areas (large size)
  • Luxury and highly specialized products
  • Leisure services
  • Centers of national or international power
41
Q

Play an important role in global business services

A

Business Services in Global Cities

42
Q

Global circulation of capital

A

Offshore Financial Services

43
Q

What are the 2 important functions offshore financial services provide?

A
  • Taxes
  • Privacy
44
Q

Characteristics of taxes in offshore financial services

A
  • Typically low or non existent
  • Often possess tax-free status
45
Q

Characteristics of privacy in offshore financial services

A
  • People and corporations can evade disclosure
  • Can protect assets from lawsuits
46
Q

Settlement’s unique collection of basic businesses

A

Economic Base

47
Q

What are the 2 types of economic bases

A
  • Basic Business
  • Nonbasic Business
48
Q

Exports primarily to customers outside the settlement

A

Basic Business

49
Q

Serves primarily customers living in the same settlement

A

Nonbasic Business

50
Q

What is an example of a basic business?

A

a factory

51
Q

What is an example of a nonbasic business

A

restaurants

52
Q

Exporting stimulates local economy (3 things):

A
  1. New basic businesses attract new workers
  2. New basic business workers bring families
  3. New nonbasic services opened to meet needs of new workers and families
53
Q

Individuals possessing special talents not distributed uniformly among cities

A

Distribution of talent

54
Q

Cities with high cultural diversity tend to have relatively ______ % of talented individuals

A

high

55
Q

Process by which the population of urban settlements grow

A

Urbanization

56
Q

World’s population of urban settlements exceeded rural settlements first time in ____

A

2008

57
Q

What % are urban areas in developed countries?

A

79%

58
Q

What % are urban areas in developing countries?

A

52%

59
Q

Developed countries = _______% of urban residents

A

higher

60
Q

Developing countries have more very ______ urban settlements

A

large

61
Q

Several of world’s most populous cities don’t rank among world’s most important _______ service centers

A

business

Human Geography (13 decks)

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