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Human Geography > Human Geography Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Human Geography Ch. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

2/3 of the world’s population is clustered into what 4 regions?

A

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe

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2
Q

What kind of physical environments do humans avoid?

A

dry lands, cold lands, mountainous lands, lands that are too wet

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3
Q

Total number of people divided by total land area

A

Arithmetic (Population) Density

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4
Q

What are the 3 measures of population change?

A

Natural Increase Rate (NIR), Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR)

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

A
  • only uses birth and death rates
  • excludes migration
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6
Q

Greatest NIR = __________ countries

A

developing

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7
Q

Least NIR = _________ countries

A

developed

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8
Q

Total number of live births in a year per 1,000 people alive in society

A

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

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9
Q

Who has the highest Crude Birth Rate?

A

Sub Africa

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10
Q

Who is an example of having lower Crude Birth Rates?

A

Europe

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11
Q

Total number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people alive

A

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

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12
Q

Process of change in a country’s population

A

Demographic Transition

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13
Q

What kind of growth does Stage 2 of the demographic transition have?

A

high growth

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14
Q

What kind of growth does Stage 3 of the demographic transition have?

A

Moderate Growth

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15
Q

What kind of growth does Stage 4 of the demographic transition have?

A

low growth (stable)

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A
  • High CBR
  • Lower CDR
  • Very high NIR
  • Healthcare improves
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17
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

A
  • CBR and CDR fall
  • Moderate NIR
  • Better education, birth control
  • Desire for less children
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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

A
  • More death than births
  • 0 or negative NIR
  • Good education and hygiene
  • Desire for smaller families
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19
Q

What is the economy for Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A

agriculture

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20
Q

What is the economy for Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

A

industry

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21
Q

What is the economy for Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

A

services

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22
Q

What is an example of Stage 2 of the demographic transition?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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23
Q

What is an example of Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

A

India, China, Mexico

24
Q

What is an example of Stage 4 of the demographic transition?

A

Denmark

25
Q

number of males per 100 females in a population

A

Sex Ratio

26
Q

Annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births (cod related to pregnancy)

A

Maternal Mortality rate (MMR)

27
Q

Why is maternal mortality rate higher in the US than other developed countries?

A

low-income access to healthcare

28
Q

Average number of children a woman will have during childbearing years (15-49)

A

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

29
Q

Annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births

A

Infant Mortality Rate (IMF)

30
Q

Number of working age people (15-64) divided by number of persons 65 or older

A

Elderly Support Ration

30
Q

Number of people too young or too old to work

A

Dependency Ratio

30
Q

Developing countries = _____ number of children

A

large

31
Q

Developed countries = _______ population

A

aging

32
Q

Number of years a newborn infant can expect to live, assuming current mortality levels

A

Life Expectancy

33
Q

Graph that displays % of a population for each age and gender (determined largely by CBR)

A

Population Pyramid

34
Q

What are the characteristics of medical services in developed countries?

A
  • spend more on health care
  • more hospital beds & doctors per capita
35
Q

Incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect a large number of people

A

The Epidemiologic Transition

36
Q

What is Stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition?

A

pandemics

37
Q

What is Stage 3 of the epidemiologic transition?

A

degenerative diseases

38
Q

What is Stage 4 of the epidemiologic transition?

A

delayed degenerative diseases

39
Q

disease that occurs over a wide geographic are

A

pandemic

40
Q

What are the characteristics of degenerative diseases?

A
  • decreasing deaths from infectious diseases
  • increase in chronic disorders (aging)
41
Q

What are the characteristics of delayed degenerative diseases?

A
  • cancer and cardiovascular diseases still present
  • medical advances extends life expectancies
  • increase in obesity in stage 4 countries
42
Q

Number of people in an area exceeds capacity of environment to support life at a decent standard of living

A

overpopulation

43
Q

What did Malthus say about overpopulation?

A

the population is growing much more rapidly than Earth’s food supply

44
Q

Hunger and famine are _______ problems - not production problems

A

distribution

45
Q

World food production has _________ faster than NIR

A

increased

46
Q

What kind of growth does Stage 5 of the demographic transition have?

A

decline

47
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 5 of the demographic transition?

A
  • Very low CBR
  • Increasing CDR
  • Negative NIR
48
Q

What country might be the first to reach Stage 5 of the demographic transition?

A

Japan

49
Q

What is the possible Stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

A

Infectious Diseases (previously controlled and eradicated diseases return; new diseases emerge)

50
Q

What are the reasons for the possible Stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

A

evolution, poverty, and increased connections (rapid and widespread transportation)

51
Q

CBR has ________ rapidly since 1990

A

declined

52
Q

What are the two population reduction strategies

A

education and health care

53
Q

What are the characteristics of the education population reduction strategies?

A
  • wealthier communities have more to spend
  • educated women = greater economic control over their lives
54
Q

What are the characteristics of the health care population reduction strategies?

A
  • better health care leads to lower IMRs
  • distribution to contraceptives
55
Q
A

Human Geography (13 decks)

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