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⭐️raj vigya > human diseases 2: viral and bacterial details > Flashcards

human diseases 2: viral and bacterial details Flashcards

1
Q

what is the causative agent of bird flu

A

H5N1 virus

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2
Q

what is the other name for H5N1 virus

A

orthomyxo virus

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3
Q

what kind of virus is orthomyxo or h5n1 virus

A

RNA virus

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4
Q

what is the mode of transmission of bird flu.

A

air through hen

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5
Q

what organs are affected in bird flu

A

respiratory system

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6
Q

what are the symptoms for bird flu

A

fever
couch
difficulty to breathe

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7
Q

what is the medication for bird flu

A

tamiflu

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8
Q

what is the causative agent for viral disease of swine flu

A

H1N1 virus, also orthomyxo virus

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9
Q

what is the mode of transmission of swine flu

A

air

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10
Q

major difference between swine flu and bird flu

A

different vectors
bird flu is h5n1 virus and swine flu is h1n1

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11
Q

what are the symptoms and medicines for swine flu

A

fever cough and difficulty to breathe
tamiflu medicine

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12
Q

what is another name for dengue

A

break bone fever

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13
Q

what is the causative agent of dengue

A

arbovirus

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14
Q

what kind of virus is arbovirus

A

RNA virus

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15
Q

what is the vector for dengue

A

this arbovirus disease is spread by aedes aegypti mosquito bite during day

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16
Q

what are the affected organs in dengue

A

bones
muscles
joints

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of dengue

A

platelets decrease

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18
Q

what is the causative agent of chikungunya

A

alpha virus

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19
Q

what is the vector for chikungunya

A

aedes aegyptii mosquito

same as dengue

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20
Q

what are the symptoms of chikungunya

A

high fever
joint pain for 5-7 years

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21
Q

what is the causative agent of yellow fever

A

flavi virus (rna virus)

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22
Q

what is the vector for yellow fever

A

aedes aegyptii

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23
Q

what organ is affected in yellow fever

A

liver

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24
Q

what is the symptom of yellow fever

A

concentration of bilirubin increases in blood

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25
Q

how did zika virus get its name

A

named on zika forest of uganda

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26
Q

what is the causative agent of zika virus

A

flavi virus (rna virus)

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27
Q

what is the mode of transmission for zika virus

A

aedes aegyptii

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28
Q

what is the reservoir host of zika virus

A

monkey

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29
Q

who does the zika virus affect mainly

A

pregnant women and it gets transferred to foetus

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30
Q

what is microcephaly

A

it is a disease in infants in which the head is smaller than the body and it leads to less intellectual growth and neurological problems.
zika virus is also a cause of microcephaly.

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31
Q

what are the symptoms of microcephaly in women

A

similar to dengue i.e. platelets decrease

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32
Q

how did ebola virus get its name

A

ebola river of congo

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33
Q

what is the causative agent of ebola virus

A

filovirus (rna virus)

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34
Q

what is the mode of transmission of ebola virus

A

close contact

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35
Q

what happens in ebola virus

A

causes foetal haemorrhagic fever

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36
Q

symptoms of ebola virus

A

red rash
high fever
internal bleeding
a mortality rate of 83-90% deaths in 10 days

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37
Q

what is the reservoir host of ebola virus

A

bat

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38
Q

how did nipah virus get its name

A

nipah is a city in malasiya

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39
Q

what is the causative agent of nipah virus

A

henipa virus (rna virus)

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40
Q

what is the mode of transmission of nipah virus

A

close contact

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41
Q

what is the reservoir host of nipah virus

A

fruit bat

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42
Q

how do fruit bats which are hosts of nipah virus infect humans

A

fruit bats reside inside of date palms and it affect humans when we use palm products infected

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43
Q

in which state of india did nipah virus spread in 2018

A

kerala

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44
Q

what is the causative agent of polio virus

A

enterovirus

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45
Q

what is the affected organ of polio virus

A

spinal cord, affects muscles causes paralysis

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46
Q

what is the mode of transmission of polio virus

A

contaminated food and water

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47
Q

who made the life saving polio oral vaccine

A

salk and sabin

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48
Q

what are the symptoms of polio

A

causes paralysis

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49
Q

when was india declared polio free

A

in 2014 by WHO

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50
Q

what is the causative agent of rabies

A

rhabdovirus

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51
Q

which organ is affected in rabies

A

brain

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52
Q

what is the mode of transmission of rabies

A

rabid animal biting like dog cat or monkey

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53
Q

who made the anti rabies vaccine

A

louis pasteur

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54
Q

what are the symptoms of rabies

A

hydrophobia in humans
it is 100% fatal

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55
Q

what are the two types of polio vaccines

A

bivalent: these are currently used in all activities
trivalent: it caused associated paralytic polio, so it was banned by WHO

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56
Q

which polio vaccine was banned by WHO and why

A

trivalent
it caused associated paralytic polio

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57
Q

what is the causative agent of japanese encephalitis

A

flavi virus (rna virus)

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58
Q

what is the mode of transmission for japanese encephalitis

A

culex mosquito

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59
Q

which part is affected in japanese encephalitis

A

brain

60
Q

who are more prone to japanese encephalitis

A

children

61
Q

what is the full form of AIDS

A

acquired immuno deficiency syndrome

62
Q

who discovered AIDS and when

A

luke montegnier and robert c gallow in 1982

63
Q

what is the causative agent of AIDS

A

HIV virus

human immuno deficiency virus

64
Q

what kind of virus is HIV

A

a type of HTLV3 i.e. human t-cell leukaemia virus

65
Q

what are the modes of transmission of aids

A

unprotected sexual intercourse
using contaminated needle
infected blood transfusion
mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding

66
Q

how is aids diagnosed

A

checking the CD4 cell count
ELISA test (for primary screening)
western blot test (confirmatory test)
PCR test (polymerase chain reaction)

67
Q

How does gp41 cell react to aids testing? Draw diagram

A
68
Q

what is the treatment for aids

A

anti retroviral therapy (ART)
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)

69
Q

what are the medications for aids

A

nevirapin
zidovudin

70
Q

where was the first case of AIDS in rajasthan

A

pushkar

71
Q

where is national AIDS research institute

A

pune

72
Q

which is the dna virus of hepatitis. which hepatitis?

A

hepadena virus which causes hepatitis B

73
Q

which hepatitis is caused by the rna virus

A

a c d and e

74
Q

what is the rna virus of hepatitis called

A

hepatitis virus

dna virus is hepadena virus

75
Q

what is the affected organ in hepatitis

A

liver

76
Q

what happens in hepatitis

A

concentration of bilirubin increases in blood which causes symptoms of jaundice

77
Q

which is the curable most common hepatitis

A

A

78
Q

which hepatitis are fatal

A

B and C

79
Q

what is the causative agent of measles

A

morbili virus (rna virus)

80
Q

what is the mode of transmission of measles

A

air

81
Q

what is another name of measles

A

4 day fever as it usually last for 4 days

82
Q

in what age is measles vaccine given

A

to infants of 9 months of age

83
Q

what is german measles

A

another name for rubella

84
Q

who does rubella virus affect

A

foetus in pregnant women and cause congenital rubella

85
Q

when was the rubella measles program (RM program) started by indian government

A

2017 for 1-15 yrs aged children

86
Q

what is the causative agent of small pox

A

variolla virus

87
Q

what kind of virus is of small pox

A

variolla virus is a dna virus

88
Q

what is the mode of transmission for small pox

A

air and close contact

89
Q

what are the symptoms of small pox

A

fever
large red rashes on skin

90
Q

who discovered small pox vaccine and when

A

edward jenner in 1798

91
Q

what is the causative agent for chicken pox

A

variola virus (dna virus)

same as small pox

92
Q

what is the mode of transmission for chicken pox

A

air and close contact

93
Q

what are the symptoms for chicken pox

A

fever and red rashes

life long immunity is developed once it is caused

94
Q

what kind of disease is typhoid

A

bacterial

95
Q

what is the causative agent of typhoid

A

salmonella typhae

96
Q

what is the mode of transmission of typhoid

A

contaminated food and water

97
Q

what is affected in typhoid

A

intestine

98
Q

name of the test for typhoid

A

WIDAL test

99
Q

what is the treatment for typhoid

A

typhoid a and b vaccine

100
Q

what is the causative agent of bacterial disease cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

101
Q

what is the mot of cholera

A

contaminated food and water

102
Q

symptoms of cholera

A

affects intestine and causes rice watery diarrhoea (dehydration)

103
Q

treatment for cholera

A

oral rehydration solution i.e. ORS

104
Q

causative agent of tetanus

A

clostridium tetani

105
Q

mot of tetanus

A

wound or injury

106
Q

symptoms of bacterial disease of tetanus

A

lock jaw
muscle spasm
body becomes bow shaped

107
Q

what are the vaccines for adults for tetanus

A

tetanus toxoid (TT)
antitetanus serum (ATS)

108
Q

what are the vaccines for children for tetanus

A

DPT(diptheria pertussis tetanus) vaccine

109
Q

causative agent of diptheria

A

comybacterium diptherae

110
Q

mot of diptheria

A

air

111
Q

symptoms of diptheria

A

affects respiratory system
trouble in breathing, could cause death

112
Q

treatment for diptheria

A

DPT vaccine

113
Q

what is the causative agent of gonnorrhoea

A

neisseria gonorrhea

114
Q

which organs are affected in gonorrhea

A

genitals

115
Q

mot of gonorrhea

A

std

116
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

117
Q

which organs are affected in syphilis

A

genitals
std

118
Q

what is the scientific name for kaali khansi

A

perussis

119
Q

causative agent of perussis

A

bordetella pertussis

120
Q

what is affected in pertussis

A

respiratory system

121
Q

what is 100 days cough

A

another name for perussis

122
Q

what is the vaccine for pertussis

A

DPT vaccine

123
Q

what is the causative agent of plague

A

yersinia pestis

124
Q

what is the reservoir host of plague

A

rat fle aka xenopsylla cheopsis

125
Q

what is the name of rat flea which causes plague

A

xenopsylla cheopsis

126
Q

why is plague called black death

A

because the blood color changes to black and causes death

127
Q

how could plague be controlled

A

pest control management

128
Q

what is the causative agent of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

129
Q

what kind of disease is anthrax

A

bacteria zoonotic disease

130
Q

mot of anthrax

A

air

131
Q

how is anthrax used as a biological weapon

A

it can be easily stored and transferred in a powdered form
they remain viable for many years and can be easily spread through water or food, get into abrasions or cuts and cause widespread disease and death

132
Q

symptoms of anthrax

A

bleeding from mouth, nose, anus, eyes, ears etc

133
Q

what is the common name for leprosy

A

hansen’s disease

134
Q

what is the causative agent of leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae

135
Q

why is leprosy called hensen’s disease

A

it was discovered by dr GHA hansen

although, first written evidences are found in 600BC indian writings by some indian physician

136
Q

mot of leprosy

A

air and close contact

137
Q

what is affected in leprosy

A

nervous system
skin (white patches)

138
Q

what is the treatment of leprosy

A

multidrug therapy of 3 drugs:
clofazimine, rifampicine and dapsone

139
Q

what is the causative agent of tb

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

140
Q

mot of tb?

A

air

141
Q

affected organs in tb

A

lungs: pulmonary tb
intestine, brain, bone and uterus: extrapulmonary tb

142
Q

what is the diagnosis of tb

A

chest x ray
monteaux test
sputum test (confirmatory)

143
Q

treatment of tb?

A

WHO given DOTS system i.e. direct observation treatment short course

144
Q

how many types of medicines and what are used for tb?

A

5 types as prescribed for DOTS
1. isoniazid
2. rifampicin
3. pyrazinamide
4. ethambutol
5. streptomycin

145
Q

what is the vaccine for tb

A

BCG (bacillus calmette geurin)

146
Q

what is india’s target to eradicate tb

A

till 2025

⭐️raj vigya (23 decks)

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