human diseases 2: viral and bacterial details Flashcards
1
Q
what is the causative agent of bird flu
A
H5N1 virus
2
Q
what is the other name for H5N1 virus
A
orthomyxo virus
3
Q
what kind of virus is orthomyxo or h5n1 virus
A
RNA virus
4
Q
what is the mode of transmission of bird flu.
A
air through hen
5
Q
what organs are affected in bird flu
A
respiratory system
6
Q
what are the symptoms for bird flu
A
fever
couch
difficulty to breathe
7
Q
what is the medication for bird flu
A
tamiflu
8
Q
what is the causative agent for viral disease of swine flu
A
H1N1 virus, also orthomyxo virus
9
Q
what is the mode of transmission of swine flu
A
air
10
Q
major difference between swine flu and bird flu
A
different vectors
bird flu is h5n1 virus and swine flu is h1n1
11
Q
what are the symptoms and medicines for swine flu
A
fever cough and difficulty to breathe
tamiflu medicine
12
Q
what is another name for dengue
A
break bone fever
13
Q
what is the causative agent of dengue
A
arbovirus
14
Q
what kind of virus is arbovirus
A
RNA virus
15
Q
what is the vector for dengue
A
this arbovirus disease is spread by aedes aegypti mosquito bite during day
16
Q
what are the affected organs in dengue
A
bones
muscles
joints
17
Q
what are the symptoms of dengue
A
platelets decrease
18
Q
what is the causative agent of chikungunya
A
alpha virus
19
Q
what is the vector for chikungunya
A
aedes aegyptii mosquito
same as dengue
20
Q
what are the symptoms of chikungunya
A
high fever
joint pain for 5-7 years
21
Q
what is the causative agent of yellow fever
A
flavi virus (rna virus)
22
Q
what is the vector for yellow fever
A
aedes aegyptii
23
Q
what organ is affected in yellow fever
A
liver
24
Q
what is the symptom of yellow fever
A
concentration of bilirubin increases in blood
25
how did zika virus get its name
named on zika forest of uganda
26
what is the causative agent of zika virus
flavi virus (rna virus)
27
what is the mode of transmission for zika virus
aedes aegyptii
28
what is the reservoir host of zika virus
monkey
29
who does the zika virus affect mainly
pregnant women and it gets transferred to foetus
30
what is microcephaly
it is a disease in infants in which the head is smaller than the body and it leads to less intellectual growth and neurological problems.
zika virus is also a cause of microcephaly.
31
what are the symptoms of microcephaly in women
similar to dengue i.e. platelets decrease
32
how did ebola virus get its name
ebola river of congo
33
what is the causative agent of ebola virus
filovirus (rna virus)
34
what is the mode of transmission of ebola virus
close contact
35
what happens in ebola virus
causes foetal haemorrhagic fever
36
symptoms of ebola virus
red rash
high fever
internal bleeding
a mortality rate of 83-90% deaths in 10 days
37
what is the reservoir host of ebola virus
bat
38
how did nipah virus get its name
nipah is a city in malasiya
39
what is the causative agent of nipah virus
henipa virus (rna virus)
40
what is the mode of transmission of nipah virus
close contact
41
what is the reservoir host of nipah virus
fruit bat
42
how do fruit bats which are hosts of nipah virus infect humans
fruit bats reside inside of date palms and it affect humans when we use palm products infected
43
in which state of india did nipah virus spread in 2018
kerala
44
what is the causative agent of polio virus
enterovirus
45
what is the affected organ of polio virus
spinal cord, affects muscles causes paralysis
46
what is the mode of transmission of polio virus
contaminated food and water
47
who made the life saving polio oral vaccine
salk and sabin
48
what are the symptoms of polio
causes paralysis
49
when was india declared polio free
in 2014 by WHO
50
what is the causative agent of rabies
rhabdovirus
51
which organ is affected in rabies
brain
52
what is the mode of transmission of rabies
rabid animal biting like dog cat or monkey
53
who made the anti rabies vaccine
louis pasteur
54
what are the symptoms of rabies
hydrophobia in humans
it is 100% fatal
55
what are the two types of polio vaccines
bivalent: these are currently used in all activities
trivalent: it caused associated paralytic polio, so it was banned by WHO
56
which polio vaccine was banned by WHO and why
trivalent
it caused associated paralytic polio
57
what is the causative agent of japanese encephalitis
flavi virus (rna virus)
58
what is the mode of transmission for japanese encephalitis
culex mosquito
59
which part is affected in japanese encephalitis
brain
60
who are more prone to japanese encephalitis
children
61
what is the full form of AIDS
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
62
who discovered AIDS and when
luke montegnier and robert c gallow in 1982
63
what is the causative agent of AIDS
HIV virus
human immuno deficiency virus
64
what kind of virus is HIV
a type of HTLV3 i.e. human t-cell leukaemia virus
65
what are the modes of transmission of aids
unprotected sexual intercourse
using contaminated needle
infected blood transfusion
mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding
66
how is aids diagnosed
checking the CD4 cell count
ELISA test (for primary screening)
western blot test (confirmatory test)
PCR test (polymerase chain reaction)
67
How does gp41 cell react to aids testing? Draw diagram
68
what is the treatment for aids
anti retroviral therapy (ART)
HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)
69
what are the medications for aids
nevirapin
zidovudin
70
where was the first case of AIDS in rajasthan
pushkar
71
where is national AIDS research institute
pune
72
which is the dna virus of hepatitis. which hepatitis?
hepadena virus which causes hepatitis B
73
which hepatitis is caused by the rna virus
a c d and e
74
what is the rna virus of hepatitis called
hepatitis virus
dna virus is hepadena virus
75
what is the affected organ in hepatitis
liver
76
what happens in hepatitis
concentration of bilirubin increases in blood which causes symptoms of jaundice
77
which is the curable most common hepatitis
A
78
which hepatitis are fatal
B and C
79
what is the causative agent of measles
morbili virus (rna virus)
80
what is the mode of transmission of measles
air
81
what is another name of measles
4 day fever as it usually last for 4 days
82
in what age is measles vaccine given
to infants of 9 months of age
83
what is german measles
another name for rubella
84
who does rubella virus affect
foetus in pregnant women and cause congenital rubella
85
when was the rubella measles program (RM program) started by indian government
2017 for 1-15 yrs aged children
86
what is the causative agent of small pox
variolla virus
87
what kind of virus is of small pox
variolla virus is a dna virus
88
what is the mode of transmission for small pox
air and close contact
89
what are the symptoms of small pox
fever
large red rashes on skin
90
who discovered small pox vaccine and when
edward jenner in 1798
91
what is the causative agent for chicken pox
variola virus (dna virus)
same as small pox
92
what is the mode of transmission for chicken pox
air and close contact
93
what are the symptoms for chicken pox
fever and red rashes
life long immunity is developed once it is caused
94
what kind of disease is typhoid
bacterial
95
what is the causative agent of typhoid
salmonella typhae
96
what is the mode of transmission of typhoid
contaminated food and water
97
what is affected in typhoid
intestine
98
name of the test for typhoid
WIDAL test
99
what is the treatment for typhoid
typhoid a and b vaccine
100
what is the causative agent of bacterial disease cholera
vibrio cholerae
101
what is the mot of cholera
contaminated food and water
102
symptoms of cholera
affects intestine and causes rice watery diarrhoea (dehydration)
103
treatment for cholera
oral rehydration solution i.e. ORS
104
causative agent of tetanus
clostridium tetani
105
mot of tetanus
wound or injury
106
symptoms of bacterial disease of tetanus
lock jaw
muscle spasm
body becomes bow shaped
107
what are the vaccines for adults for tetanus
tetanus toxoid (TT)
antitetanus serum (ATS)
108
what are the vaccines for children for tetanus
DPT(diptheria pertussis tetanus) vaccine
109
causative agent of diptheria
comybacterium diptherae
110
mot of diptheria
air
111
symptoms of diptheria
affects respiratory system
trouble in breathing, could cause death
112
treatment for diptheria
DPT vaccine
113
what is the causative agent of gonnorrhoea
neisseria gonorrhea
114
which organs are affected in gonorrhea
genitals
115
mot of gonorrhea
std
116
causative agent of syphilis
treponema pallidum
117
which organs are affected in syphilis
genitals
std
118
what is the scientific name for kaali khansi
perussis
119
causative agent of perussis
bordetella pertussis
120
what is affected in pertussis
respiratory system
121
what is 100 days cough
another name for perussis
122
what is the vaccine for pertussis
DPT vaccine
123
what is the causative agent of plague
yersinia pestis
124
what is the reservoir host of plague
rat fle aka xenopsylla cheopsis
125
what is the name of rat flea which causes plague
xenopsylla cheopsis
126
why is plague called black death
because the blood color changes to black and causes death
127
how could plague be controlled
pest control management
128
what is the causative agent of anthrax
bacillus anthracis
129
what kind of disease is anthrax
bacteria zoonotic disease
130
mot of anthrax
air
131
how is anthrax used as a biological weapon
it can be easily stored and transferred in a powdered form
they remain viable for many years and can be easily spread through water or food, get into abrasions or cuts and cause widespread disease and death
132
symptoms of anthrax
bleeding from mouth, nose, anus, eyes, ears etc
133
what is the common name for leprosy
hansen's disease
134
what is the causative agent of leprosy
mycobacterium leprae
135
why is leprosy called hensen's disease
it was discovered by dr GHA hansen
although, first written evidences are found in 600BC indian writings by some indian physician
136
mot of leprosy
air and close contact
137
what is affected in leprosy
nervous system
skin (white patches)
138
what is the treatment of leprosy
multidrug therapy of 3 drugs:
clofazimine, rifampicine and dapsone
139
what is the causative agent of tb
mycobacterium tuberculosis
140
mot of tb?
air
141
affected organs in tb
lungs: pulmonary tb
intestine, brain, bone and uterus: extrapulmonary tb
142
what is the diagnosis of tb
chest x ray
monteaux test
sputum test (confirmatory)
143
treatment of tb?
WHO given DOTS system i.e. direct observation treatment short course
144
how many types of medicines and what are used for tb?
5 types as prescribed for DOTS
1. isoniazid
2. rifampicin
3. pyrazinamide
4. ethambutol
5. streptomycin
145
what is the vaccine for tb
BCG (bacillus calmette geurin)
146
what is india's target to eradicate tb
till 2025
