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⭐️raj vigya > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ on the basis of the transmission of secretion?

A

Endocrine: through blood and transfer to targeted organ
Exocrine: by duct

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2
Q

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ on the basis of what they secrete?

A

Exocrine: enzymes
Endocrine: hormones

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3
Q

Which glands are k/a ductless glands?

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

List the 9 endocrine glands

A

1 hypothalamus
2 pineal
3 pituitary
4 thyroid and parathyroid
5 thymus
6 adrenal
7 pancreas
8 ovary
9 testis

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5
Q

Exocrine glands of digestive system?

A

Salivary, gastric, liver and intestinal

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6
Q

Exocrine glands of skin?

A

Sweat and sebaceous

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7
Q

Exocrine gland of ear?

A

Ceruminous gland

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8
Q

Exocrine glands of male reproductive system?

A

Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Cowper’s gland

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9
Q

Exocrine gland of female reproductive system?

A

Bartholin

bartholin cyst

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10
Q

What is the largest gland of human body

A

Liver

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11
Q

Which is the largest endocrine gland

A

Thyroid

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12
Q

What is known as a mixed gland?

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

What is the master gland

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

What is the master of master gland

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Which is the smallest gland

A

pineal gland

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16
Q

Which is the second smallest gland

A

Pituitary gland

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17
Q

What percentage of pancreas is exocrine and endocrine gland

A

98% exo 2% endo

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18
Q

What is the endocrine Part of pancreas called

A

Islets of Langerhans

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19
Q

What are the three types of cells in islets of Langerhans. What hormone do they secrete

A

Alpha sell glucagon. beta cell insulin. gamma cell somatostatin.

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20
Q

What is the use of glucagon hormone which cell secretes it

A

Increases glucose concentration in blood. alpha cell

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21
Q

What is the use of insulin hormone. which cell secretes it

A

Decreases glucose concentration in blood. beta cell

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22
Q

What is the normal concentration of glucose in blood

A

100 mg/dl before food

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23
Q

What is the use of somatostatin hormone. which cell secretes it

A

Makes balance between glucagon and insulin. gamma cells

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24
Q

What is the composition of most hormones

A

Proteins peptides and amino acids

some are made of steroids produced by cholestrol like progesterone, estrogen and testosterone.

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25
Q

Steroid hormones are Released from

A

Sex glands that is the testis and Overy and hormones from adrenal cortex

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26
Q

Hormone secreted by testis

A

Testosterone and androgen

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27
Q

Hormone secreted by ovary

A

Oestrogen and progesterone 

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28
Q

Functions of insulin hormone

A

Carries glucose from blood to cell

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29
Q

Disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone

A

Diabetes mellitus 

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30
Q

Test by which diabetes mellitus is measured by. Conditions for being diabetic positive

A

HbA1C i.e. Haemoglobin A1C test/glycated haemoglobin

> 6.5 Diabetes positive
<6.5 Normal

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31
Q

In which kind of diabetes is beta cells destroyed

A

Type one

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32
Q

Effect of type one and type two diabetes on insulin hormone

A

In type one insulin hormone is reduced but in type two insulin hormone is normal

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33
Q

What kind of diabetes mellitus is type one and type two diabetes based on insulin dependency

A

Type one is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and type two as insulin independent diabetes mellitus

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34
Q

What kind of diabetes do young people Usually suffer from

A

Type one diabetes

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35
Q

List the hormone Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

GH
TSH
FSH
LH
prolactin
ACTH
ICSH

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36
Q

Hormone secreted by the middle lobe of pituitary gland

A

MSH

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37
Q

Hormone secreted by the Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

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38
Q

What part does Pituitary gland controls

A

Tested
Ovary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pineal

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39
Q

Function of prolactin hormone?

A

Stimulates mammary glands for milk production after pregnancy

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40
Q

What hormone is called lactogenic hormone?

A

Prolactin

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41
Q

What is the function of oxytocin for mammary glands?

A

Starts milk ejection

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42
Q

What hormone is known as milk secretory hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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43
Q

Oxytocin causes what in a pregnant woman?

A

Uterine contractions and labour pain.
Also milk ejection after child birth.

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44
Q

What is given to milch cattle for milk secretion?

A

Oxytocin

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45
Q

Which hormone is used for ripening of fruits?

A

Oxytocin

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46
Q

Excess consumption of oxytocin can cause

A

Depression irritation even cancer

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47
Q

Which hormone is used as an abortifacient

A

Oxytocin

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48
Q

Which hormone is also called as love hormone 

A

Oxytocin

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49
Q

What is placenta

A

Placenta is an endocrine gland formed during pregnancy

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50
Q

What are the four hormones released by placenta

A

human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCGH)
Relaxin hormone
Oestrogen
Progesterone
human placental lactogen (HPL)

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51
Q

What hormones are produced by both placenta and ovaries

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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52
Q

Which hormone is tested in a pregnancy test

A

human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCGH)

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53
Q

Which hormones are helpful in delivery

A

Oxytocin and relaxin

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54
Q

Composition of urine

A

Urea 2-3% water 95

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55
Q

Which hormone Re absorbs water from urine into the blood

A

ADH aka Vasopressin

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56
Q

Why do desert animals contain more vasopressin?

A

Vasopressin reabsorbs water from urine into the blood. Desert animals need to preserve water.

57
Q

What disease is caused by decrease in ADH levels?

A

Diurea
Diabetes inspidus

58
Q

Fullform of ADH?

A

Anti diuretic hormone

59
Q

Which hormone is known as growth hormone

A

Somatotropin hormone

60
Q

Which hormone induces Mitosis

A

Somatotropin hormone

61
Q

Which hormone induces the formation or development of collegen fibre

A

Somatotropin

62
Q

Which disease is caused by chronic deficiency in function of anterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

Simmonds disease

63
Q

Which disease is caused by excess of somatotropin in adults

A

Acromegaly

64
Q

FullForm of TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

65
Q

What is the function of TSH

A

It stimulates the thyroid gland for formation of thyroxine hormone

66
Q

Full form of ACTH

A

Adreno cortico tropic hormone

67
Q

Function of ACTH

A

Stimulates cortex part of medulla to secrete adrenalin and nor adrenalin

68
Q

Full form of FSH

A

Follical stimulating hormone

69
Q

FSH what function in men and women

A

Men stimulates testis for spermatogenesis
Women stimulates ovaries for oogenesis

70
Q

Full form of hormone LH

A

Luteinising hormone

71
Q

Function of hormone LH

A

Secreted in females and stimulates ovulation

72
Q

Full form of ICSH

A

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

73
Q

Function of hormone ICSH

A

Stimulate interstitial cells to secrete testosterone hormones in males

74
Q

Full form of MSH

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

75
Q

Function of hormone MSH

A

Stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin

76
Q

Where is thyroid gland located

A

At both sides of trachea in h shape

77
Q

Which gland is known as suicidal gland

A

Thyroid gland

78
Q

Composition of thyroxine

A

Thyrocin amino acid plus iodine

79
Q

What is the passive form of thyroxine

A

Tetra iodothyronin

80
Q

What is the active form of thyroxine

A

Tri iodothyroid

81
Q

Which gland controls the basal metabolic rate

A

Thyroid gland

82
Q

What is the deficiency of thyroid called

A

Hypothyroidism

83
Q

What disease in children is caused by hypothyroidism

A

Cretinism (congenital iodine deficiency syndrome)

84
Q

Disease caused in adults by hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema

85
Q

What is the excess of thyroid called

A

Hyperthyroidism

86
Q

Diseases caused by hyperthyroidism

A

Exopthalmic goitre and graves disease

87
Q

Who are usually affected by exothalamic goitre

A

Females of age 20 to 25 years

88
Q

What happens in hashimoto disease

A

Thyroxin hormone work as a toxin for thyroid gland and destroy it

89
Q

What produces calcetonin

A

C cells of thyroid gland

90
Q

How much calcium must be there in blood normally

A

10 mg/dl

91
Q

Why is parathormone also called collip hormone

A

Found by scientist james bertram collip

92
Q

Effect of parathormone on calcium in blood

A

Increases calcium concentration

93
Q

Effect of calcitonin on calcium concentration in blood

A

Decreases calcium concentration in blood

94
Q

What hormone is antagonistic to parathormone. why?

A

Calcitonin because it decreases calcium concentration in blood while parathormol increases it

95
Q

Which hormone is responsible for reabsorption of calcium in nephron and transfers calcium from bones to blood

A

Parathormone

96
Q

What disease is caused by deficiency of parathormone

A

Hypocalcemia which may result in Tetany

97
Q

What diseases caused by excess of parathormone

A

Hyper calcemia which may result in osteporosis

98
Q

Where is thymus gland located

A

Between sternum and heart in thoracic chamber of body

99
Q

Which gland is known as immune gland

A

Thymus gland

100
Q

Which gland is large an active in children and then it becomes inactive in adults

A

Thymus gland

although, T cells are later also produced by lysosomes and spleen to make up for it

101
Q

Hormone secreted by thymus gland

A

Thymosin

102
Q

Function of thymosin hormone

A

Helpful in maturity of T lymphocytes

103
Q

Which gland is known as brains sand

A

Pineal gland

104
Q

Which gland is known as the third eye of the brain

A

Pineal gland

105
Q

Pineal gland is made up by which particles

A

Particles of calcium carbonate caco3

106
Q

Which hormone is secreted by pineal gland

A

Melotonin

107
Q

Effect of melatonin hormone on skin

A

Melatonin collect melanin pigments which makes the skin lighter

108
Q

Which gland and hormone are responsible in regulating sleeping patterns

A

Pinial gland melatonin hormone

109
Q

Which plant is known as suprarenal gland

A

Adrenal gland

110
Q

Where is adrenal gland situated

A

Top of the kidney

111
Q

What are the two parts of adrenal gland

A

Cortex outer 80-90% and medulla inner

112
Q

Name the three layers in the cortex part of adrenal gland

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

113
Q

Hormone secreted by zona glomerulosa

A

Aldosterone

114
Q

Aldosterone is a kind of what hormone

A

Mineralcorticoid hormone

i.e. hormones secreted by outer layer of adrenal cortex aka zona glomerulosa

115
Q

How does aldosterone maintains the electrolytic balance in blood

A

Absorb Na secrete K

116
Q

Disease caused by deficiency of aldosterone

A

Addison disease

117
Q

Disease caused by excess of aldosterone

A

Conn’s disease

118
Q

Hormone produced by zona fasciculata

A

Cortisol

119
Q

What kind of hormone is cortisol

A

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid

120
Q

Which hormone is known as life saving hormone

A

Cortisol

121
Q

How does cortisol affect metabolism

A

Cortisol controls carbohydrate metabolism

122
Q

Which hormone is known as anti inflammatory hormone

A

cortisol

123
Q

Disease caused by deficiency of cortisol

A

Addison disease where the skin colour changes to bronze

124
Q

What diseases caused by excess of cortisol

A

Cushing syndrome

125
Q

What hormones are secreted by zona retricularis

A

Sex hormones including astrogen and androgen

126
Q

Excess of androgen causes

A

Adrenal virilism

127
Q

Hormone secreted by the medulla part of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal and nor adrenalin

128
Q

Which hormones are called stress hormone

A

Adrenalin and nor adrenaline

129
Q

Which hormone is also known as 3F hormone

A

Adrenal and nor adrenalin fear fight flight

130
Q

Why is adrenal gland also known as 4S gland

A

Salt sugar sex stress

131
Q

Effect of cortisol hormone on glucose levels

A

Increase glucose level in blood by converting protein or lipid into glucose

132
Q

How is cortisol antagonistic to insulin

A

Cortisol increases glucose level while insulin decreases it

133
Q

Which hormone acts as immunosuppressive hormone? where is it used

A

Cortisol hormone used for organ transplantation

134
Q

Hormone secreted by testis

A

Testosterone hormone

135
Q

Hormones secreted by ovaries

A

Estrogen and progesterone

136
Q

Which hormone is also called pregnancy hormone

A

Progesterone

137
Q

What are primary sexual character

A

Characters which are present at birth example genital organs

138
Q

What is secondary sexual character

A

Characters which are developed due to effect of hormones like breasts moustache beard et cetera

⭐️raj vigya (23 decks)

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