diseases 3: genetic and zoonotic

Question 1

what are genetical diseases

Answer 1

diseases which are caused by abnormality and disorder in the human genome

Question 2

what is the human genome

Answer 2

complete set of genetic material in human cells. it consists of DNA which has information to build and maintain the body

Question 3

how many chromosomes are in genome

Answer 3

46 i.e. 23 pair
22 autosomal and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 4

what is the other name for colourblindnessq

Answer 4

daltonism

Question 5

where are the colourblind genes located

Answer 5

x chromosome

Question 6

which chromosome pair would make a female or a male differently, colourblind

Answer 6

XcXc female
XcY male

Question 7

what is the condition for a female to be colourblind

Answer 7

both X chromosomes are colourblind

XcXc

Question 8

what is the most common type of colorblindness

Answer 8

red green

Question 9

what are the chances of a colourblind female be born out of a normal man and colorblind woman

Answer 9

none

Question 10

if a colorblind woman marries a normal man, what kind of children might be born and with what probability

Answer 10

50% carrier female
50% cb man

Question 11

which part of eyes are affected by colorblindness

Answer 11

cones

Question 12

what kind of disorder is colorblindness

Answer 12

x linked recessive disorder

Question 13

what is haemophilia

Answer 13

clot formation problems because of clotting factors, deficiency in x chromosome

Question 14

what is another name for haemophilia

Answer 14

royal disease

Question 15

what are the types of haemophilia

Answer 15

ABC

Question 16

what are the factors affected in each type of haemophilia

Answer 16

A factor 8
B factor 9
C factor 11

Question 17

what happens to chromosomes in turner syndrome

Answer 17

monosomy of sex chromosome i.e. x0

Question 18

what happens physically in turner syndrome

Answer 18

female is sterile, has webbed neck and hair on chest

Question 19

what happens to chromosomes in klinefelter syndrome

Answer 19

trisome of sex chromosome i.e. 44 + xxy
total 47

Question 20

what happens physically in klinefelter syndrome

Answer 20

sterile male (female in turner syndrome, male here)
breast development, reduced testes size, taller than average height

Question 21

what happens to chromosomes in jacob’s syndrome

Answer 21

trisomy of sex chromosomes
44+ xyy
total 47
aggressive males

Question 22

what is the difference in sex chromosomes in jacob and klinefelter syndromes

Answer 22

jacob extra y: xyy
klinefelter extra x: xxy

Question 23

what is seen in chromosomes in patau syndrome

Answer 23

trisomy in 13th chromosome

Question 24

what are the symptoms in patau syndrome

Answer 24

mentally retarded
multiple organ disorders
microcephaly aka abnormally small head
small fingers, lips and bifurcated palate

Question 25

what happens to chromosomes in edward syndrome

Answer 25

trisomy in 18th chromosome

Question 26

symptoms of edward syndrome

Answer 26

intellectual disability small head low ears clenched fingers many don't survive the first few years of their lives

Question 27

chromosomal effect in down's syndrome

Answer 27

trisomy in 21st syndrome

Question 28

symptoms of down syndrome

Answer 28

mentally retarded oblique eyes large forehead dwarf body flat nose

Question 29

what happens to chromosomes in cri-du-chat syndrome

Answer 29

deletion of portion, usually, the small arm of 5th chromosome or transfer to 15th chromosome

Question 30

in cri du chat syndrome, the transfer happens from which chromosome to which

Answer 30

portion of 5th to 15th

Question 31

symptom of cri du chat syndrome

Answer 31

patient cries like a cat

Question 32

which chromosomes are affected in sickle cell anemia

Answer 32

defect in gene at 11th chromosome

Question 33

how are RBCs affected in sickle cell anemia

Answer 33

they change from normal to a sickle shape causing stiffness and stickiness in them, therefore, more clotting

Question 34

in which form haemoglobin A changes in sickle cell anaemia

Answer 34

to haemoglobin S

Question 35

relation of sickle cell anemia and malaria

Answer 35

in malaria, body produces special white blood cells in sickle shape patient of SCA can already provide for precaution against less clotting happening in malaria

Question 36

in the beta chain of haemoglobin, which substitution is found in sickle cell anemia

Answer 36

sub of valine in place of glutamine

Question 37

which chromosome is affected in phenylketouria

Answer 37

12th chromosome

Question 38

what happens in body in phenylketonuria

Answer 38

excess of phenulalanine due to deficiency of phenylhydroxylase leading to seizures, intellectual disability and behavioural problems

Question 39

due to deficiency of what is there an excess of phenyle alanine during phenylketonuria

Answer 39

phenyl hydroxylase

Question 40

what happens in thalassemia

Answer 40

abnormal haemoglobin is produced which reduces normal RBC and causes anemia

Question 41

what are the types of thalassemia

Answer 41

alpha and beta

Question 42

what are zoonotic diseases

Answer 42

which can be transmitted between human and vertebrate animals

Question 43

what is the study of zoonotic diseases

Answer 43

zoonoses

Question 44

what are the two types of zoonotic diseases

Answer 44

anthropozoonosis zooanthronosis

Question 45

what are anthropozoonosis

Answer 45

types of diseases which are transmitted from animals to humans

Question 46

what are zooanthronosis

Answer 46

diseases transmitted from humans to animals

Question 47

what are zoonosis and reverse zoonosis

Answer 47

zoonosis are anthrozoonoposis zooanthronosis is reverse zoonosis

Question 48

what is amphixenosis

Answer 48

disease transferred between both humans and animals

Question 49

what are the types of vertebrate animals

Answer 49

pisces ambhibia reptiles aves mamals trick: PARAM

Question 50

what are the causes of zoonotic diseases

Answer 50

transmitted between animals and humans through pathogens such as bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite etc

Question 51

what are the types of zoonotic diseases based on transmission

Answer 51

2 types direct and indirect transmission

Question 52

what kind of indirect transmissions can occur

Answer 52

like food borne through milk, meat or raw fruits and vegetables like water borne like drinking contaminated water with feces from an infected animal like vector borne through vectors like flies and mosquitos

Question 53

are all the diseases spread by mosquitos and flies etc zoonotic diseases?

Answer 53

no only the diseases which comes through the pathogens in those animals are they can spread other normal diseases too by being a vector

Question 54

pathogen of bird flu

Answer 54

virus H5N1

Question 55

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot bird flu

Answer 55

virus h5n1 wild and domesticated birds close contact

Question 56

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot brucellosis

Answer 56

bacteria brucella cattle: goats, sheep, pigs etc close contact. infected milk, meat, eating raw dairy products

Question 57

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot plague

Answer 57

bacteria yersinia pestis mouse, rabbit bite, fleas

Question 58

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot corono

Answer 58

virus sars-cov-2 suspected bats respiratory

Question 59

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot ebola

Answer 59

virus fruit bats, monkeys body fluids

Question 60

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot dengue

Answer 60

virus dengue virus rabbit, sheep, horse by direct contact of mosquito

Question 61

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot commonly diarrhoeal disease

Answer 61

camphylobacteria, salmonella, eschericha coli domesticated animals for food production under cooked food, unwashed vegetables, contaminated feces

Question 62

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot hapatitis A

Answer 62

virus domestic and wild animals contaminated food with infected feces

Question 63

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot HIV

Answer 63

virus monkey

Question 64

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot japanese encephalitits

Answer 64

virus pigs mosquito

Question 65

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot nipah virus

Answer 65

virus bats and pigs direct contact

Question 66

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome)

Answer 66

corona virus bats close contact

Question 67

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot rabies

Answer 67

virus rabid animals like dogs, cats, horses, goats, cattle bite of infected animal

Question 68

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome)

Answer 68

corona bats, civets respiratory droplets

Question 69

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot swine flu

Answer 69

virus pigs close contact

Question 70

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot tuberculosis

Answer 70

bacteria rodents, fox urine or feces of infected animals

Question 71

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot zika fever

Answer 71

virus monkey bite of monkey

Question 72

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot fasciolosis

Answer 72

parasite (worms) sheep, cattle ingestion of contaminated food or water or waterplants which are infected

Question 73

scrub typhus : pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 73

bacteria chigger mites bite of infected mite

Question 74

chikungunya: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 74

chickungunya virus aedes mosquito bite of mosquito

Question 75

anthrax: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 75

bacteria herbivorous animals like sheep horses etc direct contact

Question 76

leptospirosis: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 76

bacteria cattle, pigs, dogs, rodents, wild animals direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animal

Question 77

west nile fever: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 77

west nile virus birds bite of infected mosquito

Question 78

lyme disease: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 78

bacteria white footed mouse ticks

Question 79

yellow fever: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

Answer 79

virus primates like monkeys and apes mosquito: aedes aegypti, haemagogus

Question 80

other name for bird flu

Answer 80

avian influenza

Question 81

who gave the term "zoonotic disease"

Answer 81

rudolf virchow

Question 82

who's researched concluded that 60-75% of human diseases are zoonotic

Answer 82

UNEP(united nation environment programme) and ILRI (international livestock research institute)

Question 83

when is world zoonosis day

Answer 83

6 july

Question 84

why is world zoonosis day on 6 july

Answer 84

because on 6 july 1885, louis pasteur successfully administered the first rabies vaccine