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⭐️raj vigya > diseases 3: genetic and zoonotic > Flashcards

diseases 3: genetic and zoonotic Flashcards

1
Q

what are genetical diseases

A

diseases which are caused by abnormality and disorder in the human genome

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2
Q

what is the human genome

A

complete set of genetic material in human cells. it consists of DNA which has information to build and maintain the body

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3
Q

how many chromosomes are in genome

A

46 i.e. 23 pair
22 autosomal and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

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4
Q

what is the other name for colourblindnessq

A

daltonism

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5
Q

where are the colourblind genes located

A

x chromosome

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6
Q

which chromosome pair would make a female or a male differently, colourblind

A

XcXc female
XcY male

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7
Q

what is the condition for a female to be colourblind

A

both X chromosomes are colourblind

XcXc

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8
Q

what is the most common type of colorblindness

A

red green

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9
Q

what are the chances of a colourblind female be born out of a normal man and colorblind woman

A

none

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10
Q

if a colorblind woman marries a normal man, what kind of children might be born and with what probability

A

50% carrier female
50% cb man

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11
Q

which part of eyes are affected by colorblindness

A

cones

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12
Q

what kind of disorder is colorblindness

A

x linked recessive disorder

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13
Q

what is haemophilia

A

clot formation problems because of clotting factors, deficiency in x chromosome

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14
Q

what is another name for haemophilia

A

royal disease

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15
Q

what are the types of haemophilia

A

ABC

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16
Q

what are the factors affected in each type of haemophilia

A

A factor 8
B factor 9
C factor 11

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17
Q

what happens to chromosomes in turner syndrome

A

monosomy of sex chromosome i.e. x0

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18
Q

what happens physically in turner syndrome

A

female is sterile, has webbed neck and hair on chest

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19
Q

what happens to chromosomes in klinefelter syndrome

A

trisome of sex chromosome i.e. 44 + xxy
total 47

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20
Q

what happens physically in klinefelter syndrome

A

sterile male (female in turner syndrome, male here)
breast development, reduced testes size, taller than average height

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21
Q

what happens to chromosomes in jacob’s syndrome

A

trisomy of sex chromosomes
44+ xyy
total 47
aggressive males

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22
Q

what is the difference in sex chromosomes in jacob and klinefelter syndromes

A

jacob extra y: xyy
klinefelter extra x: xxy

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23
Q

what is seen in chromosomes in patau syndrome

A

trisomy in 13th chromosome

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24
Q

what are the symptoms in patau syndrome

A

mentally retarded
multiple organ disorders
microcephaly aka abnormally small head
small fingers, lips and bifurcated palate

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25
Q

what happens to chromosomes in edward syndrome

A

trisomy in 18th chromosome

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26
Q

symptoms of edward syndrome

A

intellectual disability
small head
low ears
clenched fingers

many don’t survive the first few years of their lives

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27
Q

chromosomal effect in down’s syndrome

A

trisomy in 21st syndrome

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28
Q

symptoms of down syndrome

A

mentally retarded
oblique eyes
large forehead
dwarf body
flat nose

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29
Q

what happens to chromosomes in cri-du-chat syndrome

A

deletion of portion, usually, the small arm of 5th chromosome or transfer to 15th chromosome

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30
Q

in cri du chat syndrome, the transfer happens from which chromosome to which

A

portion of 5th to 15th

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31
Q

symptom of cri du chat syndrome

A

patient cries like a cat

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32
Q

which chromosomes are affected in sickle cell anemia

A

defect in gene at 11th chromosome

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33
Q

how are RBCs affected in sickle cell anemia

A

they change from normal to a sickle shape causing stiffness and stickiness in them, therefore, more clotting

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34
Q

in which form haemoglobin A changes in sickle cell anaemia

A

to haemoglobin S

35
Q

relation of sickle cell anemia and malaria

A

in malaria, body produces special white blood cells in sickle shape
patient of SCA can already provide for precaution against less clotting happening in malaria

36
Q

in the beta chain of haemoglobin, which substitution is found in sickle cell anemia

A

sub of valine in place of glutamine

37
Q

which chromosome is affected in phenylketouria

A

12th chromosome

38
Q

what happens in body in phenylketonuria

A

excess of phenulalanine due to deficiency of phenylhydroxylase leading to seizures, intellectual disability and behavioural problems

39
Q

due to deficiency of what is there an excess of phenyle alanine during phenylketonuria

A

phenyl hydroxylase

40
Q

what happens in thalassemia

A

abnormal haemoglobin is produced which reduces normal RBC and causes anemia

41
Q

what are the types of thalassemia

A

alpha and beta

42
Q

what are zoonotic diseases

A

which can be transmitted between human and vertebrate animals

43
Q

what is the study of zoonotic diseases

A

zoonoses

44
Q

what are the two types of zoonotic diseases

A

anthropozoonosis
zooanthronosis

45
Q

what are anthropozoonosis

A

types of diseases which are transmitted from animals to humans

46
Q

what are zooanthronosis

A

diseases transmitted from humans to animals

47
Q

what are zoonosis and reverse zoonosis

A

zoonosis are anthrozoonoposis

zooanthronosis is reverse zoonosis

48
Q

what is amphixenosis

A

disease transferred between both humans and animals

49
Q

what are the types of vertebrate animals

A

pisces
ambhibia
reptiles
aves
mamals

trick: PARAM

50
Q

what are the causes of zoonotic diseases

A

transmitted between animals and humans through pathogens such as bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite etc

51
Q

what are the types of zoonotic diseases based on transmission

A

2 types
direct and indirect transmission

52
Q

what kind of indirect transmissions can occur

A

like food borne through milk, meat or raw fruits and vegetables

like water borne like drinking contaminated water with feces from an infected animal

like vector borne through vectors like flies and mosquitos

53
Q

are all the diseases spread by mosquitos and flies etc zoonotic diseases?

A

no
only the diseases which comes through the pathogens in those animals are
they can spread other normal diseases too by being a vector

54
Q

pathogen of bird flu

A

virus H5N1

55
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
bird flu

A

virus h5n1
wild and domesticated birds
close contact

56
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
brucellosis

A

bacteria brucella
cattle: goats, sheep, pigs etc

close contact. infected milk, meat, eating raw dairy products

57
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
plague

A

bacteria yersinia pestis
mouse, rabbit
bite, fleas

58
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
corono

A

virus sars-cov-2
suspected bats
respiratory

59
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
ebola

A

virus
fruit bats, monkeys
body fluids

60
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
dengue

A

virus dengue virus
rabbit, sheep, horse
by direct contact of mosquito

61
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
commonly diarrhoeal disease

A

camphylobacteria, salmonella, eschericha coli

domesticated animals for food production

under cooked food, unwashed vegetables, contaminated feces

62
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
hapatitis A

A

virus
domestic and wild animals
contaminated food with infected feces

63
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
HIV

A

virus
monkey

64
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
japanese encephalitits

A

virus
pigs
mosquito

65
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
nipah virus

A

virus
bats and pigs
direct contact

66
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome)

A

corona virus
bats
close contact

67
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
rabies

A

virus
rabid animals like dogs, cats, horses, goats, cattle
bite of infected animal

68
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome)

A

corona
bats, civets
respiratory droplets

69
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
swine flu

A

virus
pigs
close contact

70
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
tuberculosis

A

bacteria
rodents, fox
urine or feces of infected animals

71
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
zika fever

A

virus
monkey
bite of monkey

72
Q

disease: pathogen, animal involved and mot
fasciolosis

A

parasite (worms)
sheep, cattle
ingestion of contaminated food or water or waterplants which are infected

73
Q

scrub typhus
: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

bacteria
chigger mites
bite of infected mite

74
Q

chikungunya: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

chickungunya virus
aedes mosquito
bite of mosquito

75
Q

anthrax: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

bacteria
herbivorous animals like sheep horses etc
direct contact

76
Q

leptospirosis: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

bacteria
cattle, pigs, dogs, rodents, wild animals
direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animal

77
Q

west nile fever: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

west nile virus
birds
bite of infected mosquito

78
Q

lyme disease: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

bacteria
white footed mouse
ticks

79
Q

yellow fever: pathogen, animal involved and mode of transmission

A

virus
primates like monkeys and apes
mosquito: aedes aegypti, haemagogus

80
Q

other name for bird flu

A

avian influenza

81
Q

who gave the term “zoonotic disease”

A

rudolf virchow

82
Q

who’s researched concluded that 60-75% of human diseases are zoonotic

A

UNEP(united nation environment programme) and ILRI (international livestock research institute)

83
Q

when is world zoonosis day

A

6 july

84
Q

why is world zoonosis day on 6 july

A

because on 6 july 1885, louis pasteur successfully administered the first rabies vaccine

⭐️raj vigya (23 decks)

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