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⭐️raj vigya > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define digestion

A

The process of conversion of complex food substances into simple absorbable form

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2
Q

The four parts of the human digestive system is divided in

A

Mouth and buccle cavity
Oesophagus
stomach
intestine

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3
Q

Three parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum(smallest)
Jejenum
Ileum (largest)

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4
Q

Name of the smallest part of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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5
Q

Name the largest part of small intestine

A

ileum

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6
Q

What are the three parts of large intestine

A

caecum
Colon
Rectum

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7
Q

Where is the sweet sensing part of tongue

A

Tip of the tongue

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8
Q

Where is the better tasting part of the tongue

A

Back of the tongue

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9
Q

Where is the salty testing part of the tongue

A

Front corners

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10
Q

Where is the sour tasting part of the tongue

A

Side back of the tongue

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11
Q

Tongue is attached to the floor of oral cavity by

A

Frenulum

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12
Q

How many milk teeth and permanent teeth in humans?

A

20 and 12

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13
Q

Permanent teeth are also called?

A

Monophydont teeth

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14
Q

Triangular shaped teeth?

A

Canines and pre molars

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15
Q

Rectangular shaped teeth?

A

Incisors and molars

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16
Q

Dental formula for an adult man?

A

2123
X2
2123

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17
Q

Dental formula for children?

A

2102
X 2
2102

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18
Q

Dental formula for an elephant?

A

1003
X2
0003

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19
Q

What kind of teeth are elephant tusks?

A

Modified upper incisors

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20
Q

What is the 3rd molar called?

A

Wisdom teeth

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21
Q

When does a wisdom teeth develop?

A

15-20 yrs of age

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22
Q

Outer layer of teeth is called?

A

Enamel

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23
Q

What is the hardest substance in human body?

A

Enamel

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24
Q

What is the hardest substance in all the animal kingdom?

A

Enamel

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25
Q

Chemical contained in enamel?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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26
Q

Where is hydroxyapatite secreted from? What is its use?

A

By ameloblast cells. Creation of enamel

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27
Q

What is the relation of ameloblast cells and outer layer of teeth?

A

Ameloblast cells secrete hydroxyapatite which forms enamel

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28
Q

Where does the digestion start?

A

Buccal cavity in mouth

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29
Q

What component of food is digested where firstly?

A

Carbs are digested first in buccal cavity of mouth

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30
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands of mouth?

A

3

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31
Q

Name the three pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Sub mandibular gland
Sub lingual gland

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32
Q

Parotid gland. Use and location?

A

Parotid is located below ear

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33
Q

Sub mandibular gland. Use and location?

A

Salivary production. Cheeks.

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34
Q

Sub lingual gland. Use and location?

A

Saliva production. Below tongue

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35
Q

Enzymes in saliva?

A

Ptyalin and lysozyme

36
Q

Use of ptyalin

A

Converts starch into maltose

37
Q

What is salivary amylase?

A

Ptyalin is aka salivary amylase because it breaks down carbs like amylase

38
Q

Work of lysozyme?

A

Kills bacteria in food

39
Q

What is digested in oesophagus?

A

No digestion in oesophagus

40
Q

Explain the movement of food in oesophagus

A

Called peristalsis
Meaning a contraction and relaxing motion creating a wave in tube pushing it downwards

41
Q

What is bolus?

A

The semi solid form of food after it leaves the mouth into oesophagus is called BOLUS

42
Q

Composition of gastric juices

A

HCl, renin, pepsin, mucin and lipase

43
Q

Where are gastric juices formed?

A

Stomach

44
Q

Where does the digestion of protein start?

A

Stomach

45
Q

Where does the digestion of fat start?

A

Stomach

46
Q

For how long does the food last in stomach?

A

4-5 hours

47
Q

How is pepsin created?

A

HCl reacts with pepsinogens

48
Q

Function of pepsin?

A

Digests protein into amino acids

49
Q

How is rennin formed?

A

HCl reacts with prorennin to form rennin

50
Q

Function of rennin?

A

Digestion of milk protein

51
Q

Function of lipase?

A

The gastric lipase breaks fats into fatty acid

52
Q

Oesophagus: bolus
Stomach: ??

A

Chyme

53
Q

What is chyme?

A

The food in liquid form in stomach

54
Q

The entry point of small intestine?

A

Duodenum

55
Q

What happens to food in duodenum

A

Bile juices and pancreatic juice are mixed with food here

56
Q

Where are bile juices produced?

A

Liver

57
Q

Where are bile juices stored?

A

Gall bladder

58
Q

List the digestive enzymes in bile juices

A

It does not contain any digestive enzymes

59
Q

Relation of bile juices with fats?

A

Emulsifies fats, makes the medium alkaline
Helps in absorption of fat soluble vitamins (KEDA)

60
Q

What is complete digestive juice?

A

Pancreatic juice

61
Q

Which enzyme digests carbs?

A

Amylase

62
Q

Which enzyme digests fats?

A

Lipase

63
Q

Which enzyme digests proteins?

A

Trypsin

64
Q

Use of trypsin?

A

Digesting proteins

65
Q

Contents of intestinal juice in small intestine?

A

Maltase
Sucrase
Trypsin
Lipase

66
Q

Where is the max digestion of food happens?

A

Duodenum

67
Q

Max absorption of food where?

A

Ileum

68
Q

Neighbor of ileum?

A

Cecum

69
Q

How does chyme become chyle?

A

Water is mostly absorbed from chyme in large intestine

70
Q

What is chyle?

A

The semi solid form of food after the water has been mostly absorbed in large intestine

71
Q

What is the study of liver called?

A

Hepatology

72
Q

What are the cells that form the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

73
Q

Disease of inflammation of liver is called?

A

Hepatitis

74
Q

Who beats liver for the position of largest organ of the body?

A

Skin

75
Q

Which organ is known as the chemical laboratory of the body?

A

Liver

76
Q

How does liver kills bacteria?

A

Through kupffer cells aka phagocytes which eat and kill the bacteria

77
Q

What are kupffer cells?

A

Phagocytes
Cells which kill bacteria from liver

78
Q

Which organ is responsible for detoxifying the toxic substances?

A

Liver

79
Q

Liver synthesises?

A

Bile juices
Vitamin A
Urea

80
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Conversion of glucose into glycogen

81
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Conversion of glycogen to glucose (-1-phosphate)

82
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to glucose

83
Q

Liver is involved in conversion of to and from glucose. What are the three terms to describe the glucose reactions?

A

Glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen)
Glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis (amino and fatty acids to glucose)

84
Q

organs and glands of digestive system

A

organs
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

glands
salivary gland
liver
pancreas

85
Q

what does it mean by humans being diphyodontic

A

means we have 2 types of teeth
temporary and permanent

86
Q

function of pharynx

A

ensures that food doesn’t go down the wind pipe and vice versa

⭐️raj vigya (23 decks)

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