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⭐️raj vigya > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define digestion

A

The process of conversion of complex food substances into simple absorbable form

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2
Q

The four parts of the human digestive system is divided in

A

Mouth and buccle cavity
Oesophagus
stomach
intestine

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3
Q

Three parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum(smallest)
Jejenum
Ileum (largest)

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4
Q

Name of the smallest part of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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5
Q

Name the largest part of small intestine

A

ileum

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6
Q

What are the three parts of large intestine

A

caecum
Colon
Rectum

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7
Q

Where is the sweet sensing part of tongue

A

Tip of the tongue

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8
Q

Where is the better tasting part of the tongue

A

Back of the tongue

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9
Q

Where is the salty testing part of the tongue

A

Front corners

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10
Q

Where is the sour tasting part of the tongue

A

Side back of the tongue

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11
Q

Tongue is attached to the floor of oral cavity by

A

Frenulum

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12
Q

How many milk teeth and permanent teeth in humans?

A

20 and 12

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13
Q

Permanent teeth are also called?

A

Monophydont teeth

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14
Q

Triangular shaped teeth?

A

Canines and pre molars

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15
Q

Rectangular shaped teeth?

A

Incisors and molars

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16
Q

Dental formula for an adult man?

A

2123
X2
2123

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17
Q

Dental formula for children?

A

2102
X 2
2102

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18
Q

Dental formula for an elephant?

A

1003
X2
0003

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19
Q

What kind of teeth are elephant tusks?

A

Modified upper incisors

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20
Q

What is the 3rd molar called?

A

Wisdom teeth

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21
Q

When does a wisdom teeth develop?

A

15-20 yrs of age

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22
Q

Outer layer of teeth is called?

A

Enamel

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23
Q

What is the hardest substance in human body?

A

Enamel

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24
Q

What is the hardest substance in all the animal kingdom?

A

Enamel

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25
Chemical contained in enamel?
Hydroxyapatite
26
Where is hydroxyapatite secreted from? What is its use?
By ameloblast cells. Creation of enamel
27
What is the relation of ameloblast cells and outer layer of teeth?
Ameloblast cells secrete hydroxyapatite which forms enamel
28
Where does the digestion start?
Buccal cavity in mouth
29
What component of food is digested where firstly?
Carbs are digested first in buccal cavity of mouth
30
How many pairs of salivary glands of mouth?
3
31
Name the three pairs of salivary glands
Parotid gland Sub mandibular gland Sub lingual gland
32
Parotid gland. Use and location?
Parotid is located below ear
33
Sub mandibular gland. Use and location?
Salivary production. Cheeks.
34
Sub lingual gland. Use and location?
Saliva production. Below tongue
35
Enzymes in saliva?
Ptyalin and lysozyme
36
Use of ptyalin
Converts starch into maltose
37
What is salivary amylase?
Ptyalin is aka salivary amylase because it breaks down carbs like amylase
38
Work of lysozyme?
Kills bacteria in food
39
What is digested in oesophagus?
No digestion in oesophagus
40
Explain the movement of food in oesophagus
Called peristalsis Meaning a contraction and relaxing motion creating a wave in tube pushing it downwards
41
What is bolus?
The semi solid form of food after it leaves the mouth into oesophagus is called BOLUS
42
Composition of gastric juices
HCl, renin, pepsin, mucin and lipase
43
Where are gastric juices formed?
Stomach
44
Where does the digestion of protein start?
Stomach
45
Where does the digestion of fat start?
Stomach
46
For how long does the food last in stomach?
4-5 hours
47
How is pepsin created?
HCl reacts with pepsinogens
48
Function of pepsin?
Digests protein into amino acids
49
How is rennin formed?
HCl reacts with prorennin to form rennin
50
Function of rennin?
Digestion of milk protein
51
Function of lipase?
The gastric lipase breaks fats into fatty acid
52
Oesophagus: bolus Stomach: ??
Chyme
53
What is chyme?
The food in liquid form in stomach
54
The entry point of small intestine?
Duodenum
55
What happens to food in duodenum
Bile juices and pancreatic juice are mixed with food here
56
Where are bile juices produced?
Liver
57
Where are bile juices stored?
Gall bladder
58
List the digestive enzymes in bile juices
It does not contain any digestive enzymes
59
Relation of bile juices with fats?
Emulsifies fats, makes the medium alkaline Helps in absorption of fat soluble vitamins (KEDA)
60
What is complete digestive juice?
Pancreatic juice
61
Which enzyme digests carbs?
Amylase
62
Which enzyme digests fats?
Lipase
63
Which enzyme digests proteins?
Trypsin
64
Use of trypsin?
Digesting proteins
65
Contents of intestinal juice in small intestine?
Maltase Sucrase Trypsin Lipase
66
Where is the max digestion of food happens?
Duodenum
67
Max absorption of food where?
Ileum
68
Neighbor of ileum?
Cecum
69
How does chyme become chyle?
Water is mostly absorbed from chyme in large intestine
70
What is chyle?
The semi solid form of food after the water has been mostly absorbed in large intestine
71
What is the study of liver called?
Hepatology
72
What are the cells that form the liver?
Hepatocytes
73
Disease of inflammation of liver is called?
Hepatitis
74
Who beats liver for the position of largest organ of the body?
Skin
75
Which organ is known as the chemical laboratory of the body?
Liver
76
How does liver kills bacteria?
Through kupffer cells aka phagocytes which eat and kill the bacteria
77
What are kupffer cells?
Phagocytes Cells which kill bacteria from liver
78
Which organ is responsible for detoxifying the toxic substances?
Liver
79
Liver synthesises?
Bile juices Vitamin A Urea
80
What is glycogenesis?
Conversion of glucose into glycogen
81
What is glycogenolysis?
Conversion of glycogen to glucose (-1-phosphate)
82
What is gluconeogenesis?
Conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to glucose
83
Liver is involved in conversion of to and from glucose. What are the three terms to describe the glucose reactions?
Glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen) Glycogenolysis (glycogen to glucose) Gluconeogenesis (amino and fatty acids to glucose)
84
organs and glands of digestive system
organs mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum glands salivary gland liver pancreas
85
what does it mean by humans being diphyodontic
means we have 2 types of teeth temporary and permanent
86
function of pharynx
ensures that food doesn't go down the wind pipe and vice versa

⭐️raj vigya (23 decks)

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