Human Body Systems Flashcards
What is included in the nervous/muscular system?
Brain, Spinal cord
Skeletal and smooth muscles
Sensory system
What is included in the circulatory/ cardiovascular system?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
What is included in the endocrine system?
Thyroid gland, adrenal gland
What is included in the immune system?
Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
What is included in the integumentary system?
skin
What is included in the skeletal system?
bone
What is included in the urinary system?
Kidneys, bladder
What is included in the reproductive system?
Ovaries, Uterus, testes
What is included in the respiratory system?
Lungs, airways
What is included in the digestive system?
Stomach, intestine, liver,
pancreas
What are the four types of tissues?
- connective tissue
- neural tissue
- epithelial tissue
- muscle tissue
What does connective tissue do?
Binds cell and organs: protects
support and integration
What does neural tissue do?
Excitable: allows propagation of
nerve impulses that communicate
between different parts of body
What does epithelial tissue do?
Covers exterior, lines internal
cavities & some glands
What does muscle tissue do?
Excitable, contracts: skeletal
(voluntary), smooth, cardiac
What is there in place for tissue support?
- extracellular matrix
- cell junctions
- cell adhesion molecules
What are the three types of junctions?
✿ gap junction (are communicating)
✿ tight junction ( are occluding)
✿ desmosome (cell-2-cell anchoring)
What are some properties of connective tissues?
*protect, support & connect
- cells are dispersed in the matrix
- may be watery or mineralised
What are some properties of epithelial tissues?
- protect/ regulate exchange
- one or more layers of cells
- their base is a thin layer of matrix ( basal lamina/ membrane)
What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
- Exchange
- Simple, thin flattened cells,
gaps/pores - eg rapid gas exchange
- Blood vessels (also called
endothelium) / lung - Transporting
What are the three types of epithelial tissues?
- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
What is another specialised type of epithelial tissue?
- ciliated epithelial tissue
- sweeps fluid across surface
What is homeostasis?
Physiologically, keeping the body’s
environment in a state of
equilibrium within “normal limits”
What is positive feedback?
NOT HOMEOSTASIS
-“Positive feedback enhances or accelerates output created by an activated stimulus.
