HTN Prototypes

Question 1

hydrochlorothiazide therapeutic class:

Answer 1

diuretic

Question 2

hydrochlorothiazide pharm class

Answer 2

thiazide, potassium wasting diuretic

Question 3

hydrochlorothiazide MOA

Answer 3

reduce blood volume through excretion of water and potassium, reducing blood volume and BP

Question 4

hydrochlorothiazide side effects

Answer 4

hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, dizzeness, dehydration

Question 5

hydrochlorothiazide patient consideration

Answer 5

observe hypokalemia, increase potassium-containing foods, don’t give to patients who don’t make urine

Question 6

hydrochlorothiazide drug interactions

Answer 6

hypokalemia increases risk of digoxin toxicity

Question 7

furosemide therapeutic class

Answer 7

diuretic, antihyperintensive

Question 8

furosemide pharm calss

Answer 8

loop diuretic, potent potassium wasting diuretic

Question 9

furosemide MOA

Answer 9

works in loop of Henle to promote the excretion of sodium and water and reduces blood volume, causes potassium wasting, produces rapid diuresis when given IV

Question 10

furosemide side effects

Answer 10

hypokalemia (check potassium before giving), orthostatic HTN, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, hyperglycemia

Question 11

furosemide nursing considerations

Answer 11

monitor intake and output, k+ levels, blood glucose, hearing loss, use cautiously with drugs that deplete K+

Question 12

spironolactone therapeutic class

Answer 12

antihypertensives, reduces edema

Question 13

spironolactone pharm class

Answer 13

potassium-sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist

Question 14

spironolactone MOA

Answer 14

inhibits aldosterone which increases water and sodium excretion (RAAS), commonly used to treat HTN along with other anti-HTN drugs, slows progression of heart failure

Question 15

spironolactone side effects

Answer 15

hyperkalemia (especially if taken with ACE inhibitors), gynecomastia

Question 16

spironolactone nursing considerations

Answer 16

give with food to increase absorption of drugs, do NOT give K+ supplements or salt-substitute, warm male patients about gynecomastia

Question 17

lisinopril therapeutic class

Answer 17

drug for HTN and heart failure

Question 18

lisinopril pharm class

Answer 18

ACE inhibitor

Question 19

lisinopril MOA

Answer 19

inhibits ACE which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II which ultimately blocks effects of aldosterone

Question 20

lisinopril side effects

Answer 20

cough and swelling and tongue fullness is expected, angioedema, hyperkalemia, hypotension, used with thiazide diuretics

Question 21

losartan therapeutic class

Answer 21

hypertension

Question 22

losartan pharm class

Answer 22

angiotensin II receptor blocker

Question 23

losartan MOA

Answer 23

vasodialation and reduced blood volume

Question 24

losartan side effects

Answer 24

HYPOglycemia, dizziness, stuffy nose, fatigue

Question 25

losartan Black box warning

Answer 25

do not use when pregnant

Question 26

losartan nursing considerations

Answer 26

increase risk for hyperkalemia

Question 27

metoprolol therapeutic class

Answer 27

HTN and heart failure

Question 28

metoprolol pharm class

Answer 28

beta-adrenergic blocker (selective for beta 1)

Question 29

metoprolol MOA

Answer 29

reduces sympathetic stimulation of heart and decreases cardiac workload, preferred for patients with respiratory disease

Question 30

metoprolol side effects

Answer 30

hypotension, bradycardia, enhance hypoglycemic affects of insulin

Question 31

metoprolol black box warning

Answer 31

withdrawl may make angina worse or casue MI

Question 32

metoprolol contraindication

Answer 32

heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, overt cardiac failure

Question 33

nifedipine therapeutic class

Answer 33

HTN drug

Question 34

nifedipine pharm class

Answer 34

calcium channel blocker

Question 35

nifedipine MOA

Answer 35

blocks calcium channels in smooth muscle of coronary arteries and less oxygen consumed by heart and fall in BP

Question 36

nifedipine side effects

Answer 36

dizziness, hypotension, headache, gerd

Question 37

nifedipine nursing considerations

Answer 37

give cautiously with other antihypertensives, digoxin toxicity, don’t take with grapefruit juice, don’t drink alcohol