Hematologic Drugs Flashcards
cyanocobalmin (B12) therapeutic class:
drug for anemia
cyanocobalmin (B12) pharm class:
vitamin supplement
cyanocobalmin (B12) MOA:
for people with B12 deficiency anemia, given IM
cyanocobalmin (B12) adverse effects:
uncommon but anaphylaxis is possible
(link between depression and lack of b12)
ferrous sulfate (iron) therapeutic class:
anti-anemic drug
ferrous sulfate (iron) pharm class:
iron supplement
ferrous sulfate (iron) MOA:
provides iron needed to make hemoglobin
ferrous sulfate (iron) adverse effects
GI effects, constipation, take only until anemia corrected, excess may be toxic
ferrous sulfate (iron) drug interactions
take alone, can be very toxic
epoiten alpha therapeutic class:
erythropoiesis stimulating drug
epoiten alpha pharm class
erythropoietin
epoiten alpha MOA:
stimulates production of RBCs
epoiten alpha admin alerts
given subcu
epoiten alpha adverse effects
HTN, headache, fever, nacho
epoiten alpha BBW
increased risk of CV and thrombolic events (MI, stroke, DVT)
filgrastim therapeutic class:
drug for increasing neutrophil production
filgrastim pharm class:
colony stimulating factor
filgrastim MOA
stimulate bone marrow to make and release neutrophils, shortens length of neutropenia, oftne given to pateints after chemo
filgrastim administration
usually given subq
filgrastim adverse effects:
bone pain, can cause anaphylaxis, excessive WBC production
heparin therepeutic class
anticoagulant
heparin pharm class
indirect thrombin inhibitor
heparin MOA
short acting and given IV to rapidly prevent further clot formation, and it an indirect thrombin inhibitor
heparin nursing consideration
effect is measured aPTT
enoxaparin therapeutic class
anticoagulant
enoxaparin pharm class
low molecular weight heparin
enoxaparin MOA
LMWH is long-acting, given SQ and the onset of action is about 1 hr
enoxaparin nursing consoderations
watch for platelet counts, and given every 12 hrs
antidote for enoxiparin or heparin
protamine sulfate
Heparin BBW
epidural or spinal hematomas may occur while on heparin in patients receiving spinal anesthesia or lumbar puncture
warfarin therapeutic class
anticoagulant (oral)
warfarin pharm class
vitamin K antagonist
warfarin actions
prevention of stroke, DVT and pulmonary embolism, given to high risk patients following an MI or Afib
warfarin BBW
can cause fatal bleeding
warfarin contraindications
patients with recent trauma, internal bleeding, bleeding disorder, intracranial hemorrhage, severe HTBN, or liver/kidney disease
warfarin antidote
vitamin K
how to monitor warfarin
PT/ INR, which is activated partial thromboplastin time (how long does it take your blood to clot), normal seconds, should be 1.5-2.5 normal value on heparin
clopidogrel (Plavix) therapeutic class
antiplatelet drug
clopidogrel (Plavix) pharm class
adenosine phosphate (ADP) receptor blocker (ADP promotes platelet aggregation)
clopidogrel (Plavix) actions
reduce the rate of MI or stroke w/ acute STEMI given to prevent thrombi in coronary stents; very expensive, given to those who can”t take aspirin
clopidogrel (Plavix) administration
do not crush
clopidogrel (Plavix) adverse effects
bruising, rash, flu like symptoms
clopidogrel (Plavix) BBW
some cannot metabolize
clopidogrel (Plavix) contraindications
do not give to anyone with active bleeding
alteplase therapeutic class
dissolves clots
alteplase pharm class
thromolytic
alteplase actions
converts plasminogen to plasmin whihc dissolves fibrin clots, used for stroe due to thrombus
alteplase admin
must be given within 12 hrs of symptoms of MI and within 3 hrs of stroke
alteplase adverse effects
bleeding, can cause anaphylaxis, don’t use with other anticoagulants
