Hospital Acquired Infection Flashcards
Define a HAI.
Hospital Acquired Infection - infection occurs as a result of healthcare activity, not incubating at time of initial healthcare exposure.
State a source of pathogens.
Endogenous - live in/on patients (skin/gut flora). Exogenous - acquired from hospital environment/us and other patients.
State an example of Endogenous Skin Flora bacteria.
S. aureus. S. epidermidis.
State where S. aureus found.
Nose and perineum. Colonisation in Atopic Dermatitis.
State where S. epidermidis found.
Abundant. Long lines.
State the two types of skin flora.
Resident skin flora. Transient skin flora.
What is the function of resident skin flora?
Protective function. Not easily removed from hand washing.
What is the function of transient skin flora?
Loosely attached to skin surface. Easily transferred by direct contact. Easily removed with hand hygiene.
State the types of Gut flora.
Stomach colonisation. Duodenal flora. Ileum. Large bowel.
State 2 types of Urogenital flora.
Vaginal flora. Distal urethra.
Give an example of an Exogenous bacteria.
C. difficile. Pseudomonas. S. aureus. Legionella.
State a mode of transmission in Hospital Acquired Infections.
Contact (direct/indirect). Respiratory (droplet/aerosol). Common source (Faecal-oral/ingestion). Vector-borne (infection transmitted by blood-feeding anthropoids e.g. mosquitoes). Vertical - in utero or peripartum.
State the 2 two types of contact transmission.
Direct contact. Indirect contact.
Define direct contact.
Infected/colonised source e.g. bug on skin. No intermediary e.g. MRSA, MSSA, norovirus.
Define indirect contact.
Infected/colonised source contaminates environment onto new individual.
State a common source of S. aureus bacteraemia.
Intravascular catheters. Bone and joint infections. Endocarditis. Skin and soft tissue infections. Pneumonia.
State the sites of endogenous transmission.
Urinary tract. Respiratory tract. GI tract. Loss of cutaneous integrity.
State the types of environmental transmission.
Food. Water. Equipment. Contaminated IV fluids. Air.
State the type of bacterial infection from food.
Salmonella. E. coli.
State the type of bacterial infection from water.
Cryptosporidium. Legionella.
State the type of bacteria infection from equipment.
Stenotrophomonas. Acinebacter.
State the type of bacterial infection from contaminated IV fluids.
HIV. Hep B. Hep C. Malaria. Klebsiella.
State the type of bacterial infection from found in air.
Cryptococcus.
State a common bacteria.
Clostridium difficile.
State the 4C’s (antibiotics associated with Clostridium difficile).
Cephalosporin. Co-amoxiclav. Clindamycin. Ciprofloxacin.
State the two types of Respiratory Transmission.
Droplets (don’t penetrate beyond trachea). Aerosol (penetrate to alveoli).
State one condition droplets cause.
Measles. Influenza. Norovirus.
State one condition aerosols cause.
Chickenpox. TB. Norovirus.
