Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards
Give an example of an Antibacterial
Bactericidal. Bacteriostatic.
Give an example of an Antifungal.
Yeasts. Moulds.
Give an example of an Anti-parasite.
Helminths (worms). Protozoa (malaria). Parasiticides (lice).
State a HAI for the Urinary Tract.
Cystitis. Pyelonephritis.
State a HAI for a Skin.
Wound infection. Cellulitis. Bolis. Ulcers.
State a HAI for Lungs.
Pneumonia. Bronchiestasis. Empyema.
State a HAI for the Intra-abdominal.
Appendicitis. Diverticulitis. Peritonitis.
State a HAI for the Bloodstream.
Bloodstream infection.
State a HAI for the GI tract.
Salmonella. Liver abscess.
State a HAI for the Genitals.
Pelvic inflammatory disease. STIs.
State a HAI for the Meninges.
Meningitis.
State the 3 areas Antibiotics work.
Cell wall. Ribosomes. DNA synthesis.
Name the types of Antibiotics which work on Cell Walls.
Beta Lactams. Glycopeptides.
State an example of a Beta Lactam Antibiotics.
Penicillin. Cephalosporin. Carbepenems.
State how a Beta Lactam works.
Beta Lactams act on the cell wall of bacteria by binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) in cell membrane - PBPs help synthesise peptidoglycan in cell wall.
Name the types of Antibiotics which work on Ribosomes.
Macrolides. Tetracyclines. Aminoglycosides.
Give an example of a Ribosome acting Antibiotic.
Erythromycin. Clarithromycin. Azithromycin.
State an examples of a Glycopeptide antibiotic.
Vancomycin. Teicoplanin.
State how a Glycoprotein antibiotic works.
Acts against bacterial cell wall.
When is a Macrolide antibiotic used?
Used in penicillin-allergic patients against Staphylococci, Streptococci (skin/throat infections).
State an example of a Tetracycline (Ribosomes).
Oxytetracycline. Doxycycline. Tigecycline.
State an example of an Aminoglycoside (Ribosomes).
Gentamicin. Amikacin. Netilmicin. Tobramycin.
State how a Tetracycline works.
Bacteriostatic which inhibits the binding of transfer RNA to ribosomes. Broad spectrum but resistance frequent.
State how Aminoglycosides work.
Interferes with ribosomal reading of messenger RNA. Intravenous.
State an example of a DNA Synthesis Antibiotics.
Quinolones. Trimethoprim and Co-trimoxazole.
State an example of a Quinolones (DNA Synthesis).
Ciprofloxacin. Levofloxacin. Moxifloxacin.
State an example of a Trimethoprim and Co-trimoxazole (DNA Synthesis).
Trimethoprim. Co-trimoxazole.
State how Trimethoprim and Co-trimoxazole (DNA Synthesis) works.
Affect the folate pathway - prevent nucleotide production. Active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
State an example of an Antibiotic Resistance Mechanism.
Rapid evolution (due to mutations). DNA acquisition e.g. by plasmids (jumping of DNA from one gene to another). Over-use of antibiotics (human and animal). Antibiotics have allowed many developments e.g. transplants, major surgery.
