Homeostasis: Cell Transport Flashcards
What is the purpose of the cell membrane in Homeostasis?
blockade for water; hydrophobic. semipermeable. big particles must pass through larger channels
What are protein channels?
forms open pores in the membrane, allowing small molecules of the appropriate size and charge to pass freely through the lipid bilayer.
What are marker proteins?
identifies the cells to the outside environment, has unique carbohydrate chain. The shape of the markers show the environment what type of cell that they are.
What is an example of how marker proteins are used?
macrophages (ex. white blood cells) fight disease, they use the marker proteins to identify known cells and unknown cells.
What do receptor proteins do?
send and receive chemical signals in and out of the cell, has a unique shape to them
What is an example of passive transportation?
osmosis, diffusion
What does passive transport mean?
particles are able to move in and out of a cells without energy. higher concentration to lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
the passing transport of solutes. this includes anything that is not water
passive transport
the diffusion of a substance is usually independent of the diffusion of different substances.
What is osmosis?
moves water from higher to lower concentration → solvents.
What is facilitated diffusion?
diffusion through channels of protein, as long as the movement is higher to lower concentration, then it is passive.
What does the suffix “tonic” mean?
refers to solutes
What does hypotonic mean?
less solutes but more water per unit area, than compared to the outside of the cell. Opposite of Hypertonic. Hypo means less.
What does hypertonic mean?
The cell inside has more solutes but less water than compared to the outside of the cell. Opposite of Hypotonic. Hyper means more.
What does isotonic mean?
The solutes are in balance with the outside, water is constantly moving.
What is active transport?
this type of transport requires energy, this is because it moves against the concentration gradient.
less –> more
Endocytosis: large particles in Exocytosis: large particles out
What are cell pumps?
moves materials from inside the cell to outside to cell. active transport
What is Phagocytosis?
Endocytosis
the ameoba will come into contact with with food, then it will wrap around it. after it surrounds it, it will dissolve its membrane, with then the food can be digestions by lysosomes.
“Phage” means big, usually solids.
“Endo” means to enter, to come in.
What is Pinocytosis?
Endocytosis
this is a type of endocytosis, but will slightly smaller than phagocytosis. these are usually liquids. this type of endocytosis usually moves more than one particles at a time.
“Pino” - means small, usually liquids.
What is exocytosis?
exocytosis to kick out waste products. the vesicle will move close to the membrane, get dissolved, and then the material will get dissolved.
What is the cell membrane composed of?
phospholipid molecules and protein molecules, they have polar and non-polar areas, lipid bilayer
What is polarity?
polarity affects the interactions between the molecules and water. polar heads are attracted to water while non-polar areas repel water.
What is concentration?
the amount of a particular substance within a given body of liquid
What is the concentration gradient?
exists when on area has a higher concentration than another.
