Homeostasis: Cell Transport

Question 1

What is the purpose of the cell membrane in Homeostasis?

Answer 1

blockade for water; hydrophobic. semipermeable. big particles must pass through larger channels

Question 2

What are protein channels?

Answer 2

forms open pores in the membrane, allowing small molecules of the appropriate size and charge to pass freely through the lipid bilayer.

Question 3

What are marker proteins?

Answer 3

identifies the cells to the outside environment, has unique carbohydrate chain. The shape of the markers show the environment what type of cell that they are.

Question 4

What is an example of how marker proteins are used?

Answer 4

macrophages (ex. white blood cells) fight disease, they use the marker proteins to identify known cells and unknown cells.

Question 5

What do receptor proteins do?

Answer 5

send and receive chemical signals in and out of the cell, has a unique shape to them

Question 6

What is an example of passive transportation?

Answer 6

osmosis, diffusion

Question 7

What does passive transport mean?

Answer 7

particles are able to move in and out of a cells without energy. higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 8

What is diffusion?

Answer 8

the passing transport of solutes. this includes anything that is not water
passive transport
the diffusion of a substance is usually independent of the diffusion of different substances.

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

moves water from higher to lower concentration → solvents.

Question 10

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 10

diffusion through channels of protein, as long as the movement is higher to lower concentration, then it is passive.

Question 11

What does the suffix “tonic” mean?

Answer 11

refers to solutes

Question 12

What does hypotonic mean?

Answer 12

less solutes but more water per unit area, than compared to the outside of the cell. Opposite of Hypertonic. Hypo means less.

Question 13

What does hypertonic mean?

Answer 13

The cell inside has more solutes but less water than compared to the outside of the cell. Opposite of Hypotonic. Hyper means more.

Question 14

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 14

The solutes are in balance with the outside, water is constantly moving.

Question 15

What is active transport?

Answer 15

this type of transport requires energy, this is because it moves against the concentration gradient.
less –> more

Endocytosis: large particles in Exocytosis: large particles out

Question 16

What are cell pumps?

Answer 16

moves materials from inside the cell to outside to cell. active transport

Question 17

What is Phagocytosis?

Endocytosis

Answer 17

the ameoba will come into contact with with food, then it will wrap around it. after it surrounds it, it will dissolve its membrane, with then the food can be digestions by lysosomes.
“Phage” means big, usually solids.
“Endo” means to enter, to come in.

Question 18

What is Pinocytosis?

Endocytosis

Answer 18

this is a type of endocytosis, but will slightly smaller than phagocytosis. these are usually liquids. this type of endocytosis usually moves more than one particles at a time.

“Pino” - means small, usually liquids.

Question 19

What is exocytosis?

Answer 19

exocytosis to kick out waste products. the vesicle will move close to the membrane, get dissolved, and then the material will get dissolved.

Question 20

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 20

phospholipid molecules and protein molecules, they have polar and non-polar areas, lipid bilayer

Question 21

What is polarity?

Answer 21

polarity affects the interactions between the molecules and water. polar heads are attracted to water while non-polar areas repel water.

Question 22

What is concentration?

Answer 22

the amount of a particular substance within a given body of liquid

Question 23

What is the concentration gradient?

Answer 23

exists when on area has a higher concentration than another.