Holding procedures Flashcards
What are 4 reasons an a/c might have to hold?
- Traffic management
- Weather
- Pilot request
- Emergency
What is a holding fix?
A geographical location that serves as a reference for a holding procedure.
What is a holding procedure?
A predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance.
Where are published holds typically located?
- Overhead VOR, VOR/DME and NDBs
- A defined distance on a VOR radial
- An intersection of a VOR radial and NDB bearing
What are the 4 stages of a hold?
- Fix end
- Outbound
- Outbound end
- Inbound
What is the rate of turn in a hold?
Bank angle of 25 degrees or 3 degrees per second
How long does it take to complete one leg of a hold?
1.5 mins above FL140
1 mins FL140 or below
What is an extended hold?
The hold leg can be extended from 1-2 min to reduce work load for a pilot holding for a long time.
What is the obstacle clearance height for holds?
1000ft or 2000ft over high terrain (This includes a 5nm buffer zone.)
What 5 factors affect the hold?
- Speed
- Level
- Nav aids
- Turbulence
- Wind
What’s the holding speed above FL 340+?
Normal M0.83 Turbulence M0.83
What’s the holding speed at FL 200 - 340?
Normal 265 Knots Turbulence 280 Knots
What’s the holding speed at FL 140 - 200?
Normal 240 Knots Turbulence 280 Knots
What’s the holding speed below FL 140?
Normal 230 Knots Turbulence 280 Knots
What’s the normal speed for airways holding?
280 Knots
