HM Manual Chapter 22 Poisoning and Drug Abuse Flashcards
What is the acronym MEDIC?
Medical, Environmental Diagnosis, Intelligence and Counter Measure
What term describes a substance that, when introduced into the body it produces a harmful effect on normal body structures or functions?
poison
What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them?
Toxicology
Most ingested poisons produce symptoms within how many hours?
four
Less than ___% of poisons have specific antidotes?
5%
What is the most common route of poison exposure?
Ingestion
What term describes the local effect acidic poisons have?
corrosive
What term describes the local effect basic poisons have?
caustic
What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with dry skin, increased heart rate, dilated pupils, fever, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and CNS excitation?
Anticholinergic
What type of syndrome would you suspect in a patient with increased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI cramping, emesis, and muscle weakness and fasciculations?
Cholinergic
how many glasses of milk or water should you have a conscious victim drink to dilute ingested poison?
1-2
What are some common acids that may cause poisoning?
hydrochloric
nitric
oxalic
sufuric
What are some common alkalies that may cause poisoning?
Ammonia
Lime
Lye
Carbolic
What are some common phenols that may cause poisoning?
Creosol
Creosote
What is the most common agent of gas poisoning?
carbon monoxide
What treatment is preferred for ingested poisons when the patient is poisoned by strychnine or is subject to seizures?
Gastric lavage
What are some cathartics commonly used to treat ingested poisonings?
magnesium sulfate
sorbitol
How would you treat a patient who ingested a petroleum distillate if you could not reach poison control or physician for guidance?
30-60 ml of vegetable oil
What is the abbreviation MFF?
Metal fume fever
What is the most common cause of metal fume fever in the Navy?
inhalation of vaporized zinc found in the galvanized covering of iron and steel
What is the dose for epinephrine for severe allergic reactions?
1: 1000
0. 5ml for adults
0. 1-.03 ml for children
Which scorpion in the United States causes the most severe effects?
Bark Scorpion
What species is the Bark Scorpion?
Centruroides exilicuada
Where is the Bark Scorpion found?
Mexico and Southwest region
What can be given the relieve muscle cramps when a patient has sustained a scorpion sting?
Calcium gluconate 10ml of 10% solution
What can be given to control excitability and convulsions in a patient who has sustained a scorpion sting?
Benozdiazepines (Valium and Midazolam)
What is the species name for the black widow?
Latrodectus mactans
What is the species name for brown recluse?
Loxoseceles recluse
In what spider can you find a red hourglass shaped spot on its belly?
female black widow
In what spider can you find a violin-shaped marking?
brown recluse
What are the five venomous families of snakes?
Viperidae Elapidae Hydrophidae Colubridae Atractaspididae
Stings from which fish have been known to cause fatalities?
Stonefish
Zebrafish
Scorpionfish
What are the most dangerous types of coelenterates?
Sea wasp or box jellyfish and Portuguese man-of-war
What should be used to prevent further discharge of nematocyst stinging?
vinegar (dilute acetic acid)
Which octopus releases neuromuscular block called tetrodotoxin?
the blue ringed octopus
