HM Manual Chapter 19 Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
What lab is a measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin within the patient’s blood?
Hemoglobin
What happens to RBC and hemoglobin counts as you increase in elevation?
numbers increase
What is the normal hemoglobin levels in women?
12-16 g/100ml
What is the normal hemoglobin levels in men?
14-18 g/100ml
What is blood mixed with when determining blood hemoglobin via the manual method?
cyanomethoglobin
What lab study is ration of volume of RBCs to the volume of whole blood?
Hematocrit
What is the normal hematocrit in a woman?
37-47%
What is the normal hematocrit in Men?
42-52%
What term describes the manual method of determining hematocrit?
microhematocrit
What is the normal WBC ranges in adults?
4.8 - 10.8 x 10^6/ml (4,800 - 10,800)
What term describes WBC values above normal?
Leukocytosis
What are some conditions that can cause leukocytosis?
Delivery, Pregnancy, Appendicitis, Ulcers, Emotional distress, Anxiety, Strenuous exercise
What term describes abnormally low WBC counts?
Leukopenia
What are the five types of WBCs?
Neutorphils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
What type of WBC accounts for the largest percentage of leukocytes?
Neutrophils
What WBC, when stained, has numerous fine barely visible lilac-colored granules and a dark purple or reddish purple nucleus?
Neutrophils
What type of neutorphil is sometimes called a “stab” cell?
Neutrophilic Band
What type of neutorphil has the nucleus started to elongate and curve into a horseshoe?
Neutrophilic band
What type of neutorphil is considered mature?
Segmented Neutorphil
What type of WBC functions to destroy parasites and respond in immediate allergic reactions?
Eosinophil
What type of WBC will the cytoplasm contain numerous large, reddish-orange granules?
Eosinophil
What is the most common cause of increased eosinophils?
parasitic, in particular helminthic infections
What WBC is associated with inflammatory disorders and certain leukemias?
Basophils
What WBC will have a scattered deep bluish-purple granules that are darker than the nucleus?
Basophils
What WBC functions are associated with the immune response and the body’s defense against viral infection?
Lymphocytes
What WBC has cytoplasm that is clear sky blue, scanty with few unevenly distributed blue granules with a halo around them?
Lymphocytes
What WBC is the larges of the normal WBCs and control microbial and fungal infections and removes damaged cells form the body?
Monocyte
What are the four growth requirements for bacteria?
Temperature
Oxygen
Nutrition
Moisture
What term describes cold loving bacteria?
Psychrophilic
What term describes bacteria that reproduces best at body temperature?
Mesophilic
What term describes bacteria that reproduces best at higher temperatures?
Thermophlic
What term describes organisms that reproduce in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobes
What term describes organisms that do not reproduce in the presence of oxygen?
Anaerobes
What are the two toxins produced by bacteria?
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
What type of toxin comprises part of the cell wall and is released when the cell is destroyed?
Endotoxin
What type of toxin is produced by bacteria and found outside the bacterial cell in the surrounding medium?
Exotoxin
Of the two toxins produced by bacteria, which is highly poisonous and associated with septic shock?
Exotoxin
What color do gram positive bacteria stain?
violet
What color do gram negative bacteria stain?
Pink
