HIV-associated infections

Question 1

Superficial vascular proliferation with neutrophilic infiltrate.

Answer 1

Bartonella henselae: bacillary angiomatosis

Question 2

Superficial vascular proliferation with lymphocytic infiltrate.

Answer 2

HHV-8: Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 3

low-grade fevers and cough w/ hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer. Oval yeast cells w/in Macrophages.

Answer 3

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 4

Chronic watery diarrhea. Acid-fast cysts in stool.

Answer 4

Cryptosporidium

Question 5

inflammation of white matter of brain (demyelination), neurological signs.

Answer 5

JC virus reactivation: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Question 6

Cotton-wool spots on fundoscopic examination. May also have esophagitis.

Answer 6

CMV

Question 7

ring-enhancing lesions on brain scan

Answer 7

Toxoplasmosis gondii or Primary CNS Lympoma

Question 8

meningitis or encephalitis. India ink stain reveals yeast w/ narrow-based bud and thick capsule.

Answer 8

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 9

Hairy leukoplakia (often lateral on tongue)

Answer 9

EBV

Question 10

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, esp. in tonsils

Answer 10

may be assoc’ed w/ EBV

Question 11

Encephalopathy: multiple ring-enhancing lesions on MRI. Brain biopsy reveals B-cell infiltrate.

Answer 11

Primary CNS Lymphoma, often assoc’ed w/ EBV

Question 12

Interstitial pneumonia

Answer 12

CMV

Question 13

Pleuritic pain and hemoptysis. Extra-pulmonary involvement. Septate hyphae branching at 45 degree angles.

Answer 13

Invasive aspergillosis

Question 14

Pneumonia @ CD4<200

Answer 14

Pneumocysitis jiroveci

Question 15

TB-like disease @ CD4<50

Answer 15

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Question 16

What is the treatment for acute Cryptococcal meningitis? Prophylaxis?

Answer 16

meningitis: Amphotericin B + flucytosine
prophylaxis: fluconazole

Question 17

What is the morphology/form of C. neoformans?

Answer 17

heavily encapsulated yeast