HIV/ AIDS epidemiology and confidentiality

Question 1

what is the global target?

Answer 1

-90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed
-90% diagnosed on ART (antiretroviral therapy)
-90% viral suppression for those on ART by 2020

Question 2

what does a late diagnosis lead to?

Answer 2

ten-fold increased risk of death in the first year of diagnosis

Question 3

what are the three routes of HIV transmission?

Answer 3

Blood
Sexual
Vertical

Question 4

what are the benefits of knowing HIV status

Answer 4

Access to appropriate treatment and care
Reduction in morbidity and mortality
Reduction in mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT)
Reduction of sexual transmission
Public health
Cost-effective

Question 5

how is knowing HIV status cost effective?

Answer 5

Early diagnosis is cost effective – savings on social care, lost working days, benefits claimed, costs associated with further onward transmission

Question 6

what are the recognised risk factors/ behaviours of HIV?

Answer 6

Sexual contact with people from high prevalence groups – MSM, sub-Saharan African/ Thailand
Multiple sexual partners
Rape in high prevalence localities

Question 7

what are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer 7

-Acute generalized rash
Glandular fever
-Indicators of immune dysfunction
-Unexplained weight loss or -night sweats
-Recurrent bacterial infections including pneumococcal pneumonia