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phase 2a > endocrinology- regulation of appetite > Flashcards

endocrinology- regulation of appetite Flashcards

1
Q

define apetite

A

the desire to eat food

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2
Q

define satiety

A

feeling of fullness- disappearance of appetite after a meal

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3
Q

how can body mass index be calculated?

A

weight (Kg)/ Height (m^2)

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4
Q

what is the BMI category for being underweight?

A

< 18.5

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5
Q

what is the BMI category for being normal weight?

A

18.5- 24.9

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6
Q

what is the BMI category for being overweight?

A

25.0-29.9

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7
Q

what is the BMI category for being obese ?

A

30.0-39.9

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8
Q

what is the BMI category for being morbidly obese ?

A

> 40

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9
Q

what are the risks of obesity?

A

-Type II diabetes
-Hypertension
-Coronary artery disease
-Stroke
-Osteoarthritis
-Obstructive sleep apnoea
- carcinomas

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10
Q

which carcinomas increase the risk of obesity?

A

-Breast
-Endometrium
-Prostate
-Colon

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11
Q

why do we eat ?

A

we have an internal physiological drive to eat

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12
Q

what does our internal physiological drive to eat prompt?

A

thoughts of food and motivates food consumption

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13
Q

describe the external physiological drive to eat

A

this can occur sometimes even in the absence of hunger- for example in a buffet where you have lots of options

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14
Q

what plays a central role in appetite regulation?

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

what is the effect of highly refined sugar food?

A

quick and short satiety

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16
Q

what is the effect of low glycemic index foods?

A

better

17
Q

what is the effect of high protein foods?

A

prolonged satiety

18
Q

what is the effect of high fat foods?

A

stimulates and entices people to eat more

19
Q

how many peptide YY amino acids are there ?

A

36

20
Q

what is peptide YY structurally similar to?

A

NPY

21
Q

what does peptide YY bind to?

A

NPY receptors

22
Q

what secretes peptide YY?

A

Secreted by:
- neuroendocrine cells in ileum
-pancreas
- colon
in response to food

23
Q

what does peptide YY inhibit?

A

gastric motility

24
Q

what is the effect of peptide YY?

A

reduces appetite

25
Q

where are cholecystokinin receptors?

A

Receptors in pyloric sphincter

26
Q

what is the effect of cholecystokinin?

A

-Delays gastric emptying
-Gall bladder contraction
-Insulin release

27
Q

what other way can cholecystokinin be released?

A

via vagus - satiety

28
Q

what stimulates appetite ?

A

olfactory
gustatory
cognitive
visual stimuli

29
Q

what stimulates food intake?

A

Ghrelin

30
Q

what increases satiety?

A

stretch receptors in stomach

31
Q

what increases satiety TO STOP FEEDING?

A

the release of:
- CCK
-GLP
-insulin
-Peptide YY

32
Q

what is the lateral hypothalamus the centre of?

A

hunger

33
Q

what is the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus the centre of?

A

satiety centre

34
Q

what does leptin bind to?

A

leptin receptor

35
Q

where are leptin receptors?

A
  • cytokine receptor family
  • in hypothalamus
36
Q

what does leptin do?

A

switches off appetite and is immunostimulatory

phase 2a (67 decks)

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