endocrinology- regulation of appetite

Question 1

define apetite

Answer 1

the desire to eat food

Question 2

define satiety

Answer 2

feeling of fullness- disappearance of appetite after a meal

Question 3

how can body mass index be calculated?

Answer 3

weight (Kg)/ Height (m^2)

Question 4

what is the BMI category for being underweight?

Answer 4

< 18.5

Question 5

what is the BMI category for being normal weight?

Answer 5

18.5- 24.9

Question 6

what is the BMI category for being overweight?

Answer 6

25.0-29.9

Question 7

what is the BMI category for being obese ?

Answer 7

30.0-39.9

Question 8

what is the BMI category for being morbidly obese ?

Answer 8

> 40

Question 9

what are the risks of obesity?

Answer 9

-Type II diabetes
-Hypertension
-Coronary artery disease
-Stroke
-Osteoarthritis
-Obstructive sleep apnoea
- carcinomas

Question 10

which carcinomas increase the risk of obesity?

Answer 10

-Breast
-Endometrium
-Prostate
-Colon

Question 11

why do we eat ?

Answer 11

we have an internal physiological drive to eat

Question 12

what does our internal physiological drive to eat prompt?

Answer 12

thoughts of food and motivates food consumption

Question 13

describe the external physiological drive to eat

Answer 13

this can occur sometimes even in the absence of hunger- for example in a buffet where you have lots of options

Question 14

what plays a central role in appetite regulation?

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

what is the effect of highly refined sugar food?

Answer 15

quick and short satiety

Question 16

what is the effect of low glycemic index foods?

Answer 16

better

Question 17

what is the effect of high protein foods?

Answer 17

prolonged satiety

Question 18

what is the effect of high fat foods?

Answer 18

stimulates and entices people to eat more

Question 19

how many peptide YY amino acids are there ?

Answer 19

36

Question 20

what is peptide YY structurally similar to?

Answer 20

NPY

Question 21

what does peptide YY bind to?

Answer 21

NPY receptors

Question 22

what secretes peptide YY?

Answer 22

Secreted by:
- neuroendocrine cells in ileum
-pancreas
- colon
in response to food

Question 23

what does peptide YY inhibit?

Answer 23

gastric motility

Question 24

what is the effect of peptide YY?

Answer 24

reduces appetite

Question 25

where are cholecystokinin receptors?

Answer 25

Receptors in pyloric sphincter

Question 26

what is the effect of cholecystokinin?

Answer 26

-Delays gastric emptying
-Gall bladder contraction
-Insulin release

Question 27

what other way can cholecystokinin be released?

Answer 27

via vagus - satiety

Question 28

what stimulates appetite ?

Answer 28

olfactory
gustatory
cognitive
visual stimuli

Question 29

what stimulates food intake?

Answer 29

Ghrelin

Question 30

what increases satiety?

Answer 30

stretch receptors in stomach

Question 31

what increases satiety TO STOP FEEDING?

Answer 31

the release of:
- CCK
-GLP
-insulin
-Peptide YY

Question 32

what is the lateral hypothalamus the centre of?

Answer 32

hunger

Question 33

what is the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus the centre of?

Answer 33

satiety centre

Question 34

what does leptin bind to?

Answer 34

leptin receptor

Question 35

where are leptin receptors?

Answer 35

• cytokine receptor family
• in hypothalamus

Question 36

what does leptin do?

Answer 36

switches off appetite and is immunostimulatory