History Unit 1: Canada Prepares To Defend The Empire

Question 1

canada prepare to defend the empire

Answer 1

• July 1 1867, birth of new country, the dominion of Canada.
• Canada was the only part – independent, part – British colony. Still part of the British Empire.
• Britain was one of subservice (in control) and dependence. Remained in charge of foreign affairs with Canada. Somewhat like a parent.
• Most Canadians (exception of French – Canadians) were proud and loyal subjects of the B. Empire. Strong optimism the new country would bring great things.
  “The 20th Century will be the Century of Canada” – Wilfred Laurier

Question 2

canada and the empire

Answer 2

Britain declared war in 1914, on behalf of the entire empire.
- Canada is automatically thrown into melee
- PM Robert Borden was eager to show support for Britain
- Promise to send 600k troops, population was less than 8 million
“When Britain is at war, Canada is at war” – Robert Borden

Question 3

excitement over the war

Answer 3

Involvement in the war caused by excitement across the country.

• Men/women rushed to recruitment offices
• Others were uncertain of the future

Question 4

who is sam hughes

Answer 4

Canada was not ready for this major war.
- Organizing and training was led by Sam Hughes. Minister of the militia.
- Established as Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF)
Energetic, determined organizer. A very stubborn man.
- Racist against non – British ancestry
- Insisted to use Rocs Riffles which ended up being unstable for wet, muddy, battle front
- Push for Macadam’s shovel (supposedly a shield)
Gave military supply to friends (war profiteers)

Question 5

what is valcartier

Answer 5

Hughes set up a training camp in Valcartier, Quebec

• Build 25km away from the city
• Made in 4 weeks
• Trained and mobilized Canadian t

Question 6

off to war

Answer 6

First Canadian soldiers sailed to Britain in October 1914, then received more training
- 1915 men were ready to fight/see action
WW1 was a TOTAL War (unrestricted weapons, territory)
- No rules at all
- Olympic, sister – ship to the titanic, transport troops and equipment overseas during WW1

Question 7

control of canadian forces

Answer 7

Canadian soldiers were placed under the British army, commanded by Lord Bung.

• Canadian troops used to reinforce British division throughout the western front.
• Canadian leaders wanted to fight as a single unit, command was eventually given (in 1917) to General Arthur Currie (Vimy Ridge)