History: Germany: Unit 2

Question 1

Political threats from the right side

Answer 1

DNVP
nazis
freikorps (ex service men)
kapp putsch (1920)
Munich beer hall putsch (1923)
political murders/assassinations

Question 2

Political threats from the left side

Answer 2

spartacist revolt (KPD)
German October (in Saxony 1923)

Question 3

The Spartacus Uprising

Answer 3

6th January 1919 (6th-11th)
middle class
Karl Leibknecht (barrister) and Rosa Luxemburg (doctor in law and economics)
100,000 communists occupied newspaper offices, government buildings and railway stations.
put down by Freikorps
15th January - Karl and Rosa murdered.

Question 4

The German October

Answer 4

1923
KPD
wanted a 1 party communist state (marxism)
involved Saxony turning into a communist state
stikes and SPD/KPD govt.
overthrown by freikorps

Question 5

Political parties

Answer 5

DNVP- extreme right
monarchist and authoritarian
NSDAP- nazi party (1920)
anti-republican, anti-communist, anti-democratic, anti-versailles, ultra- nationalistic.

Question 6

Paramilitary groups

Answer 6

Freikorps
Stahlhelm (steel helmets)
Jungado (young German order)
SA (storm troopers, brown shirts)

Question 7

Kapp Putsch

Answer 7

12th-13th March 1920
leaders; Ludendorff and Wolfgang Capp.
angry about treaty of versailles and demands of reduction.
12,000 membership to march on Berlin and seize government buildings.
Freikorps were for the movement
put down by general strike
lasted 4 days - app and Ludendorff fled the city.
12 million workers refused to work.

Question 8

Which political threat was most significant?

Answer 8

1- kapp putsch
2- German October
3- Spartacist uprising.

Question 9

How many political murders between 1919 and 1922?

Answer 9

376

Question 10

Munich putsch

Answer 10

8th November 1923
meeting in the beer hall
600 SA stormed the meeting
von kahr, von seisser and von lossow.
Hitler forcing the big 3 to back him in his march to Berlin.
Ludendorff and Hitler arrested
Hitler sentenced 5 years in prison
party was banned until 1925.

Question 11

What was the Reichstag principle?

Answer 11

power through the ballot box and not direct action.

Question 12

What was the ‘Red Threat’?

Answer 12

the thought that communism was becoming more common and more likely to influence Germany

Question 13

Was left or right threat more significant?

Answer 13

left - poor leadership
right - had many beliefs.

Question 14

What was ‘white terror’?

Answer 14

whites were seen as the enemy not reds.

Question 15

What was the ‘consul organisation’ responsible for?

Answer 15

the assassination of a number of key republican politicians - Walther Rathenau.

Question 16

Negative factors of Hitler’s Munich putsch

Answer 16

1- lacked real planning
2- over-estimated the level of public support
3-relied to heavily on the promise of the big 3
4- the failure of the big 3’s promise and support.

Question 17

Positive factors of Hitler’s Munich putsch

Answer 17

1- gained him publicity
2- gained 32 seats in reichstag elections
3- had Ludendorff’s support
4- won the respect of other right wing nationalists.

Question 18

What lobbying group was Kapp apart of and what did it aim to achieve?

Answer 18

national association - remove military restrictions from the treaty.

Question 19

which terror group committed most of the political murders?

Answer 19

Consel organisation

Question 20

What did the German October temporarily result in?

Answer 20

a communist government - SPD/KPD coalition.