History: Germany: Topic 12

Question 1

1933

Answer 1

hitler spoke about stamping out religion in germany

Question 2

July 1933

Answer 2

concordat was signed

Question 3

what was the 1933 concordat?

Answer 3

it allowed
- religious freedom for Roman Catholic Church
- Roman Catholic Church not involved in politics

Question 4

how much of germany was protestant?

Answer 4

about 2/3

Question 5

how many protestant churches were in germany?

Answer 5

28 different churches

Question 6

1933

Answer 6

reich church set up to lead all protestants

Question 7

who was the first reich bishop?

Answer 7

LUDWIG MULLER (after a rigged vote)

Question 8

how was hitler able to control protestant churches easier?

Answer 8

it was denominational

Question 9

what does gleichschaltung mean?

Answer 9

CO-ORDINATION

Question 10

1934

Answer 10

German faith movement - to promote positive christianity

Question 11

opposition to the German faith movement

Answer 11

200 protestant pastors led by Martin niemoller protested against muller’s reich church by setting up the CONFESSIONAL CHURCH

Question 12

how many pastor joined this confessional church?

Answer 12

7,000 of 17,000

Question 13

was the German faith movement successful?

Answer 13

not really - wasn’t really christian

Question 14

1937

Answer 14

papal encyclical - “with deep anxiety”, which criticised nazi policies on censorship and on race

Question 15

1937

Answer 15

niemoller arrested

Question 16

When was niemoller arrested?

Answer 16

in DACHAU in 1945.

Question 17

how did hitler respond to the papal xi’s encyclical?

Answer 17

1- closed down all voluntary youth organisations, eg catholic action
2- and started a campaign to remove crucifixes from classrooms

Question 18

1941

Answer 18

cardinal galen - publicly criticised the T4 euthanasia programme

Question 19

was galen’s critics successful?

Answer 19

yes - it got the programme stopped

Question 20

1944

Answer 20

galen arrested after bomb plot but released in 1945

Question 21

who was father Bernard Lichtenberg?

Answer 21

a priest in Berlin’s RC cathedral

Question 22

1941

Answer 22

father Bernard Lichtenberg arrested - after years of criticising nazi policies towards the disabled and the jews

Question 23

1943

Answer 23

father Bernard litchenberg death - on route to DACHAU concentration camp

Question 24

also 1943

Answer 24

Bonhoeffer arrested after actively opposing the nazis

Question 25

April 1945

Answer 25

bonhoeffer executed

Question 26

what % of germans were involved in the reich church?

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

1943

Answer 27

failure at Stalingrad - reason for decline of hitler (1 million killed)

Question 28

why was pope Pius xii denounced after ww2?

Answer 28

for not doing enough to challenge the nazi regime

Question 29

what does Layton say about the churches?

Answer 29

"both the catholic and protestant churches failed to provide effective opposition"

Question 30

the edelweiss pirates

Answer 30

- non traditional - counter-cultural

Question 31

how many edelweiss pirates by 1939?

Answer 31

2000 - some linked to the kid

Question 32

1944

Answer 32

12 edelweiss pirate were hanged for the assassination of the gestapo officer and also for attacks on military targets

Question 33

was the edelweiss pirates effective?

Answer 33

fairly effective

Question 34

the swing youth

Answer 34

-middle-class youngsters -jazz music, American black music, swing music -generally apolitical -

Question 35

Martin kitchen quote about the swing youth-

Answer 35

"they did nothing more than shock and annoy"

Question 36

the white rose movement -

Answer 36

- university protest groups -formed after galen's sermon against euthanasia - Hans and Sophie scholl, Christopher probst, willi graff. - 1942/1943 printed out a series of anti-nazi leaflets and would throw them down the stairs of the uni

Question 37

feb 1943

Answer 37

6 white rose leaders including the scholls were arrested, tortured and executed

Question 38

white rose leaders

Answer 38

were initially tried in a peoples court - but not allowed any defence or representation so essentially just being tried for what they accuse you of.

Question 39

was the swing youth successful?

Answer 39

less success - most likely as they were apolitical

Question 40

what was the kreisau circle

Answer 40

a group made up primarily of traditional, aristocracy and democrats. (RICH BUSINESS MEN) elite resistance

Question 41

what was the kreisau circle aim?

Answer 41

to establish a new germany following the failure at Stalingrad in 1943

Question 42

august 1943

Answer 42

they drew up basic principles for a new order - they wanted an open society and justice for all. A NEW DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

Question 43

where did the kreisau circle meet?

Answer 43

count Moltke's esatte in kreisau.

Question 44

July 1944

Answer 44

beck - goerdler bomb plot

Question 45

who was beck?

Answer 45

cheif of staff of army

Question 46

who was goedler?

Answer 46

mayor of LEPIZIG

Question 47

beck's failure's? 1938

Answer 47

previously tried to mount a coup against hitler but failed in 1938

Question 48

20th July 1944

Answer 48

stauffenberg brought two bombs into hitlers headquarters

Question 49

what was the code name for this operation?

Answer 49

operation valkyrie

Question 50

results of the 20th July 1944?

Answer 50

- hitler only had a perforated ear drum -4,980 killed -leaders executions were filmed.

Question 51

as to how early did the beck-goerdler group organise the July 1944 bomb plot?

Answer 51

march 1943

Question 52

what's a controversial fact about beck?

Answer 52

he wanted to implement martial law into germany until peace could be restored.

Question 53

who was more successful, the beck-goerdler group or the kreisau circle?

Answer 53

beck-goerdler

Question 54

how many other times was operation valkyrie attempted?

Answer 54

2 others