History: Germany: Topic 8

Question 1

what were the historic reasons behind anti-semitism?

Answer 1

• medieval practices had affected eastern and Central Europe - making jews seen as outcasts.
  2- jews seen as scapegoat for Germany after WW1 (stab in the back legend)

Question 2

What was VOLKISCH?

Answer 2

racial parties. (in 1920’s grown to 70 rightwing splinter parties - DNVP)

Question 3

what does Noakes say about anti-semitism?

Answer 3

‘antisemitism was particularly strong entrenched with in the academic community, thereby influencing the next generation.’

Question 4

why was Germany afraid of jews?

Answer 4

1- cultural food (suspicious)
2- good jobs - many bankers - blamed jews for Weimar’s economic problems
3- relative wealth (1% of jews in Germany but they were 10% of Doctors and 17% of lawyers)

Question 5

what was GRADUALISM?

Answer 5

the moving from something slowly

Question 6

1933

Answer 6

1/2 million jews living in Germany

Question 7

what was HERRENVOLK?

Answer 7

the master race theory.

Question 8

what was UNTERMENSCHEN?

Answer 8

a sub-human group - a minority.

Question 9

when did harassment of jews begin?

Answer 9

1933

Question 10

what was ‘Der sturmer’?

Answer 10

the striker

Question 11

what was ‘Der angriff’?

Answer 11

an antisemitic newspaper ran by Goebbels.

Question 12

what was ‘pogroms’?

Answer 12

ATTACKS

Question 13

what was ‘JUDEN ROUS’?

Answer 13

jews out.

Question 14

7th April 1933

Answer 14

the law for the restoration of a professional civil service.

Question 15

1st April 1933

Answer 15

economic boycott -of jewish businesses, 1 day.

Question 16

1st April 1933

Answer 16

economic boycott -of jewish businesses, 1 day.

Question 17

11th April 1933

Answer 17

jews banned from legal professions

Question 18

22nd April 1933

Answer 18

jewish doctors banned

Question 19

25th April 1933

Answer 19

jewish students limited to 5% in universities and schools

Question 20

September 1933

Answer 20

jewish farmers forbidden to inherit land

Question 21

1933

Answer 21

jewish kids banned from school.

Question 22

spring 1934

Answer 22

in Franconia, 35 jews injured.

Question 23

20th jan 1942

Answer 23

Wannasee conference begins

Question 24

what was discusses at the Wannasee conference?

Answer 24

how the nazis will carry out the total annihilation of jews in Europe (added up total jews in Europe)

Question 25

what was operation Reinhard?

Answer 25

(1942) the establishment of three further death camps - belzec, sobibor and treblinka.

Question 26

may 1935

Answer 26

jews forbidden to join German army

Question 27

1935

Answer 27

nuremberg laws

Question 28

what was in the Nuremberg laws?

Answer 28

1- reich citizenship act- lost the right to vote, no longer citizens 2- law for the protection of German blood and German honour - marriage between Germans and jews prohibited 3- jews not allowed to hire germans as servants

Question 29

what else did jews experience?

Answer 29

1- jews forced to travel in different sections of trains

Question 30

1936

Answer 30

Olympic Games were held in Germany so hitler wanted to avoid international criticism so things were relaxed

Question 31

1938

Answer 31

hitler took over Austria and antisemitism began there too.

Question 32

march 1938

Answer 32

Anschluss with Austria brought 200,000 more jews into Germany

Question 33

1938

Answer 33

reich central office for jewish emigration was set up - within the first 6 months it forced 45,000 jews to leave Austria.

Question 34

April 1938

Answer 34

decree for the registration of jewish property.

Question 35

august 1938

Answer 35

male jews- 'Isreal' female jews- 'Sarah' BOTH ADDED TO THEIR NAMES

Question 36

October 1938

Answer 36

jewish passports stamped with a J

Question 37

7th November 1938

Answer 37

polish jewish youth shot a German in Paris, in response to 120,000 jews being expelled from Germany in October 1938 (including his family)

Question 38

9/10th November 1938

Answer 38

KRISTALLNACHT - night of broken glass

Question 39

who was the jew and the German in Paris?

Answer 39

german - ernst von rath jew - Hersch grynszpan

Question 40

what were the results of kristnallnacht?

Answer 40

91 jews killed 20,000 jews arrested 2,000 murdered in camps 191 synagogues destroyed 7,000 jewish businesses destroyed

Question 41

12 November 1938

Answer 41

goering charged jews with 1 billion RM worth of damage and 6 million marks were paid by insurance jewish business men forced to sell their businesses to aryan germans at low prices.

Question 42

jan 1939

Answer 42

hitlers speech 'the destruction of the jewish race in europe'

Question 43

FEB 1939

Answer 43

reich central office for emigration set up in Berlin.

Question 44

by 1939

Answer 44

280,000 of the 500,000 jews had emigrated.

Question 45

summer 1940

Answer 45

madagascar plan

Question 46

1941

Answer 46

jews had to wear the star of avidin order to identify them as jewish.

Question 47

sept 1941

Answer 47

babi yar attack in Kiev - 34,000 killed

Question 48

who was Julius stretcher?

Answer 48

he wrote 'der stormer' which was sexually explicit nazi propaganda

Question 49

who was eichmann?

Answer 49

set up the central office for emigration in 1939

Question 50

who was heydrich?

Answer 50

-organised einsatzgruppen killings - gave orders for mass deportation to death camps

Question 51

who was himmler?

Answer 51

-head of SS -reich commissar for the strengthening of the German race-orders deportation of jews in Poland.

Question 52

which was the largest ghetto?

Answer 52

Warsaw - 500,000

Question 53

how many jews were killed at auschwitz?

Answer 53

2/3 (6 million)

Question 54

what were death marches?

Answer 54

remaining prisoners sent to walk through snow - with the intention to walk to Berlin on foot.

Question 55

what were the results of death marches?

Answer 55

many died from starvation, cold and exhaustion.

Question 56

when did the death marches begin?

Answer 56

jan 1945