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History: Germany > History: Germany: Topic 11 > Flashcards

History: Germany: Topic 11 Flashcards

GENOCIDE

1
Q

15th march 1939

A

German troops seize Prague
(nazi persecution of jews begins)

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2
Q

1st sept 1939

A

germany invades Poland

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3
Q

3rd sept 1939

A

Britain and France declare war on germany

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4
Q

17th sept 1939

A

there red army occupies eastern Poland

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5
Q

27th sept 1940

A

TRIPARITE PACT
signed by germany, Italy, Japan ‘the axis powers’

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6
Q

who was the axis powers later joined by?

A

romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia.

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7
Q

14th may 1940

A

holland surrenders

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8
Q

25th may 1940

A

Belgium surrenders

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9
Q

25th June 1940

A

france surrenders

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10
Q

what was the Madagascar plan?

A

a plan to gather all of the jews in the world and place them all of Madagascar.

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11
Q

when were ‘ghettos’ first used?

A

in venice in 1516

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12
Q

why were all ghettos ultimately liquidated?

A

to destroy any evidence of jewish prosecution

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13
Q

6th April 1941

A

germany invades Greece and Yugoslavia

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14
Q

22nd June 1941

A

OPERATION BARBAROSSA

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15
Q

what was operation Barbarossa?

A

the code name for Nazi Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union, it was the largest military operation in history, involving over 3.5 million Axis troops.

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16
Q

what are EINSATZGRUPPEN?

A

mobile killing squads

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17
Q

who did the einsatzgruppen mostly kill?

A

jews
gypsies
communists

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18
Q

7th dec 1941

A

Japan attacks American fleet in PEARL HABOUR so America enters war.

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19
Q

20th jan 1942

A

the Wannsee conference - discussed how many jews were in Europe.

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20
Q

how many jews were still in Europe in 1942?

A

11 million

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21
Q

what was OPERATION REINHARD?

A

the establishment of three further killing centres at BELZEC, SOBIBOR, TREBLINKA.

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22
Q

how many Jews were killed in between these 3 death camps?

A

1.7 million.

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23
Q

19th April 1943

A

Warsaw ghetto uprising

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24
Q

how many were killed during this uprising?

A

7000, and the uprising lasted until may.
many thousands were transported to death camps - few survived

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25
how many death camps were there altogether?
6. (1- CHELMNO 2- TREBLINKA 3- SOBIBOR 4- BELZEC 5- MAJDANEK 6- AUSCHWITZ)
26
19th march 1944
germany occupies Hungary
27
within 8 weeks, how many jews in Hungary had been sent to auschwitz?
an estimated 550,000
28
24th July 1944
soviet troops liberate Majdanek
29
how many are estimated to be murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau?
1.3 million
30
what were 'death marches'?
many jews march to Berlin but perished on these marches due to hard labour, malnutrition and ill treatment.
31
1945
allies liberate nazi concentration camps
32
27th jan 1945
soviet tropps liberate Auschwitz-Birkenau
33
15th April 1945
British liberate Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
34
30th April 1945
hitler commits suicide
35
7th may 1945
germany surrenders
36
8th may 1945
Victory in Europe day
37
15th august
victory over Japan day
38
when was the first ghetto set up?
first ghetto set up in oct 1939
39
how many died in ghetos?
450,000
40
how many ghettos were built in total?
1000
41
what were Judenrat councils?
authority on jewish elders - had to decide who to send to the death camps
42
how many jews were killed at the mobile gas chambers?
150,000
43
how many einsatzgruppen was there?
4,000
44
how many jews were killed within operation Barbarossa?
700,000
45
how many jews were killed in the einsatzgruppen?
1-2 million
46
when was Babi yar?
29th/30th sept 1941
47
what was Babi yar?
a massacre (bomb) which killed 33,771 Ukrainian jews in 2 days
48
what is an internationalist's view?
1- hitler intended to murder jews 2- speeches and parts of main campf mentioned the removal of all jews 3-other nazis said hitler authorised murders 4- nazi germany was programmed to carry out hitlers will.
49
which historians have an internationalists view?
HILLGRUBER HILDEBRAND DAWIDOWITZ
50
what is a structualist's view?
1- hitter had no clear plan 2- no direct involvement with the killing of jews 3- hitler was lazy with his administration of killings 4- rivalries with naziism led to senior nazis trying to please hitler 5-the totalitarian nature of the state - terror, euthanasia made it easier to progress to the holocaust 6- BROSZAT argues that it was the unexpected success of the red army in DEC 1941 was the crucial factor leading to the holocaust.
51
which historians have a structuralist's view?
MOMMSEN BROSZAT KERSHAW
52
what is Goldhagen's view?
German peoples fault for the holocaust 1- not solely due to the actions of leaders 2- at least 100,000 germans were involved 3- considerable knowledge of the holocaust by ordinary germans
53
definition of an intentionalist
the nazi regime as an effective goal with clear lines of responsibility - they had a master plan to exterminate all jews.
54
definition of a structuralist
the nazi regime was out of control and they had to improvise and make ad hoc decisions. they believe that hitler did not solely lead the holocaust.
55
MOMMSEN QUOTE - structuralist
"the 'thought' - that is, hitelrs fanatical proclamations of radical anti-semitism - could not suffice in itself to unleash the systematic extermination of the jews"
56
HILGRUBER QUOTE - intentionalist
"these enormous schemes, and particularly their connection with racist ideology, were, to be sure, the programme of a single individual."
57
what was the estimated amount of Jews in germany?
less than 1%
58
31st July 1941
goering ordered Heydrich for a 'final solution to the jewish question"
59
how long did the Wannsee conference last?
90 minutes - hitler wasn't present
60
nov 1944
himmler ordered the end of the execution of jews and to start getting rid of physical evidence
61
how many death marches occurred?
59 and 50% died.
62
what was the most famous march?
auschwitz to wodzoslav in Jan 1945
63
how many did this march kill?
66,000
64
CHELMNO KILLINGS
150,000
65
MAJDANEK KILLIMGS
80,000
66
AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU KILLINGS
1.1 MIL
67
TREBLINKA KILLINGS
800,000
68
SBIBOR KILLINGS
250,000
69
BELZEC KILLINGS
600,000
70
when did most of the camp killings occur between?
summer 1942 - summer 1944
71
EMIGRATION STATS -
By 1939, 280,000 germanys half a million jews had already emigrated.
72
which ghetto was the largest?
the Warsaw ghetto

History: Germany (12 decks)

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