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History: Germany > History: Germany: Topic 9 > Flashcards

History: Germany: Topic 9 Flashcards

1
Q

who was schacht?

A

march 1933- president of rb.
august 1934- minister of economics (new plan)
resigned nov 1937

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2
Q

who was goring?

A

commissioner of raw materials
(4 year plan)

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3
Q

who was funk?

A

minister of economics in nov 1937 after schacht.

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4
Q

who was todt?

A

minister of munitions and armaments
responsible for restoring roads and the railway system.

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5
Q

who was Speer?

A

rationalisation during total war.
replaces todt in 1942

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6
Q

who was general Thomas?

A

minister of war.

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7
Q

what was deficit financing?

A

-loans to fund government spending
-in order to get the country to spend more more so that it was pumped back into the economy.

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8
Q

what was ersatz?

A

fake substitutes for raw materials

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9
Q

what was organisation todt?

A

for slave labour, using POW’s

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10
Q

what was total war?

A

in FEB 1943
closure of all non essential businesses
complete attention to economy for the preparation of war.

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11
Q

what was autarky?

A

self efficiency and the reliance on own country for the production.

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12
Q

1932-1936

A

unemployment decreased
6 MIL - 1.5 MIL

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13
Q

1933

A

feder bosch agreement with IG Farben

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14
Q

SEPT 1933

A

Reich food estate created

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15
Q

JUNE 1933

A

Law against unemployment
(jews barred from public sector job)
(women encouraged out of workplace via marriage loans)

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16
Q

1934

A

RAD labour scheme - 400,000 young men out of unemployment register

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17
Q

1934

A

NEW PLAN - focus on;
1- reducing unemployment
2-improving trade
3-balance of payments
4- mefo bills
5- deficit financing

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18
Q

1935

A

CONSCRIPTION

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19
Q

1936

A

4 YEAR PLAN - GOERING

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20
Q

1937

A

by 1937 govt had paid of 12 billion RM into Mefo bills

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21
Q

1938

A

military spending increased (10 - 17 billion RM)

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22
Q

1939

A

UNEMPLOYMENT reduced to 300,000

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23
Q

1940

A

2 MIL foreign workers (50% of workforce)

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24
Q

1939-1941

A

military spending increased

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25
1942
6.4 foreign workers in Germany
26
JAN 1943
WOMEN (ages 17-45) forced to work
27
FEB 1943
TOTAL WAR ANNOUNCED IN BERLIN - all non essential businesses shut down
28
1944
ABSENTEEISM - 25% WOMEN in workforce - 41.5%
29
1939-1945
worker output increased 60% under SPEER LABOUR FORCE increased 11%
30
When was the new plan?
sept 1934
31
what did the new plan entail?
1- reduction in unemployment 2- use of memo bills 3- balance of trade 4- self efficiency using ersatz materials. 5- bilateral trade treaties (Romania and Yugoslavia) 6-RM currency - Germany agreed to purchase raw materials from countries but only if it agreed to buy back German products with the RM currency. 7- massive cuts to welfare spending
32
what was put in place to reduce unemployment?
1- public work schemes 2- RAD labour scheme (...) 3- using POW's for work 4- conscription
33
what was schacht by 1916?
director of the National Bank
34
what was schacht by 1923?
president of the reichsbank
35
what did schahct do in 1930?
march 1930 resigned in protest of the young plan
36
what was schacht by AUGUST 1934?
minister of economics
37
what did schacht do in 1937?
resigned as economics minister
38
what did schacht do in 1939?
resigned as president of the reichsbank
39
what challenges did Germany face 1933-1936?
1- short of raw materials 2- didn't have foreign currency to pay for many imports 3- exports were hit by slump in trade 4- country confidence lost 5- investment was low 6- unemployment at peak at registered 6 million and nearly 8 million including unregistered.
40
why did the government increase expenditure and investment?
to try and stimulate consumer demand so more money would be pumped back through the economy.
41
how many people did the RAD labour scheme take off the unemployment register?
400,000
42
what occurred in 1935?
conscription - removes all 18-25 year olds males from unemployment register and made it compulsory to do 2 years of military service.
43
armed forces statistic - (1933-1939)
1933- 100,000 1939- 1.4 million
44
what were MEFO BILLS? (detailed)
credit notes that were issues by government in order to disguise military expenditure. they were issued by the Reichsbank and helped fund rearmament by delaying real payments.
45
MEFO bill by 1937 statistic;
1937- govt paid out 12 billion in RM in memo bills - they funded about half of germanys rearmament programme .
46
What happened to businesses?
from 1929 demand fell -businesses cut production or collapsed
47
what happened to manufactured goods?
exports declined rapidly - steel, machinery and chemicals collapsed.
48
What happened to German banks in 1931?
German share prices collapsed and 5 major banks collapsed in 1931
49
why was schacht so highly respected, even though he wasn't a part of the nazi party?
as he was the creator of the new currency which stopped germanys economy from collapsing completely in 1923 hyperinflation.
50
that was the investment in the economy aimed at? (4 things)
1-reforestation 2-land restoration 3-motorisation (auto bahns) 4-buildings (public buildings etc)
51
what was the balance of payments problem?
1- rapid increase in demand would rekindle inflation 2- rapid increase in demand would lead to the emergence of a balance of trade deficit
52
Schacht's successes
1- unemployment had fallen to 1.5 MIL 2- industrial production had increased 60% since 1933 3- GNP increased 40% since 1933
53
what was the 4 year plan?
1- targets for the production of foodstuff by RFE (Reich food estate) 2- industry encouraged to produce ERSATZ for raw materials 3- factories built (strict govt control) 4- imports cut down 5- rearmament factories built (HERMANN GOERING WORKS)
54
when was the 4 year plan?
1936-1940
55
why was a total war economy employed?
to prepare the country for impending war
56
what was the 1933 FEDER BOSCH AGREEMENT?
feder bosch agreement with IG Farben (a company) - nazi govt made a profit-sharing agreement with IG Farben promising a 5% return on capital investment in there synthetic oil.
57
what was the Reich Entailed Farm Law?
ensured a ste price for farmers goods
58
IG Farben statistic;
71 MILLION to 240 MILLION RM
59
military spending statistic 1938;
10 BILLION RM to 17 BILLION RM in 1938.
60
HISTORIAN VIEW - MASON -
MASON argues that the 1939 economic crisis led to the nazis precipating a war earlier than they originally expected.
61
what was SPEER responsible for
RATIONALISATION during total war
62
when was total war announced?
FEB 1943 - all non essential businesses closed.
63
what was BLITZKREIG?
LIGHTENING WAR
64
worker production output statistic;
over 60% between 1939-1945
65
ammunition production statistic;
up 97% under SPEER
66
NEGATIVE - ABSENTEEISM statistic;
still 25% in 1944
67
AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION STAT;
decreased 31% below target 1944
68
Which was least successful phase? (recovery, rearmament or war economy)
WAR ECONOMY
69
How many did RWHG factories employ?
600,000 and Goering made a massive wealth from his factories too.
70
What were some failures of the rearmament stage (1936-1939)
1- synthetic oil only reached 45% of aimed levels 2- nutritional crisi in 1939 (sugar, potatoes, grain) 3- govt ran up a huge budget deficit in late 1930's (420 MIL RM by 1939) 4-by 1939 Germany was still importing 1/3 of its raw materials 5- about 1.4 MIL workers left farming the land (1933-1939)
71
What was the office of the 4 year plan?
remained under the control of Goering
72
what was Todt organisation?
under the control of Fritz Todt employed 1.4 million workers of which 95% were POW's (FORCED LABOUR)
73
What was the fuhrer order in DEC 1941?
74
Was the 4 year plan successful?
no - total autarky was never fulfilled
75
successes of total war -
1- ammunition increased 97% 2- tank production increased 25% 3- arms production increased 59%
76
What was the 'guns vs butter' debate?
Nazi Germany choosing to invest in military goods over civilian goods, preparing Germany for war.
77
What was SPEER's policy?
rationalisation

History: Germany (12 decks)

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