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History: Germany > History: Germany: Unit 1 > Flashcards

History: Germany: Unit 1 Flashcards

the German revolution

1
Q

What was the economic costs of the war for Germany?

A

1- agriculture and production fell
2- 16% of the war was financed through taxes
3- between the years 1913-1918 the current lost 75% of its value.

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2
Q

Who was in the triple entente?

A

Britain, France, Russia and USA.

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3
Q

Who was in the triple alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.

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4
Q

Reasons for the German defeat in WW1

A

1- stalemate (not progressing but not backtracking)
2-failure of a final offensive in March 1918
3- USA joined in 1918 and added more manpower to allied side.

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5
Q

What does ‘national self determination’ mean?

A

a country’s self independence.

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6
Q

29th October 1918

A

sailors started mutinying at Wilhelmshaven and at Kiel, as a result of the British naval blockade that was starving the nation

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7
Q

6th-8th November 1918

A

workers councils had taken over many German cities and towns and Bavaria was declared a socialist republic by Kurt Eisner.

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8
Q

7th November 1918

A

the SPD (largest party) stated that they wouldn’t withdraw from Prince Max’s government unless the kaiser formally abdicated.

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9
Q

9th November 1918

A

Kaiser Wilhelm ii abdicated to Holland where he remained in exile.

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10
Q

What was formed in the days following the kaisers abdication?

A

Ebert’s new democratic government.

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11
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

11am on the 11th November 1918.

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12
Q

10th November 1918

A

Ebert-Groener pact.

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13
Q

What was the Ebert-Groener pact?

A

Chancellor Ebert agreed to maintain the army and maintain adequate supplies, General Groener agreed to support the new government and suppress disorder and street fighting.

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14
Q

What was Ebert’s hidden agenda?

A

that he has to keep it a secret- his enemies from the far right cant find out about the pact.

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15
Q

What was Groener’s hidden agenda?

A

he had no long term loyalty - viewed the pact as only temporary.

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16
Q

Left side of the political spectrum

A

SPD - slightly left
USPP - more than moderate
KPD - extreme left

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17
Q

German centre party

A

DDP

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18
Q

Right side of the political spectrum

A

ZP - centre party (slightly right)
DVP - moderate right
DNVP - extreme right
NSDAP - extreme right

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19
Q

19th January 1919

A

first elections

20
Q

What was the turn out for the elections? (National Assembly elections).

A

83%

21
Q

% for pro-democracy parties?

A

76.1%

22
Q

Who was in the Weimar coalition?

A

SPD
DDP
ZP

23
Q

% of vote for SPD?

A

38%

24
Q

% of vote for DDP?

A

18.5%

25
Q

% of vote for ZP?

A

19.7%

26
Q

Who was the first president of Weimar Germany?

A

Friedrich Ebert

27
Q

Ruhr meaning

A

industrial land, home of most of germanys coal and steel production.

28
Q

Saar meaning

A

coal mines

29
Q

Rhineland meaning

A

area surrounding the Rhine river

30
Q

Junkers meaning

A

the German working class

31
Q

March 1918

A

spring offensive - failed.

32
Q

What did the naval blockade result in?

A

424,000 deaths (food shortages)
200,000 deaths (deadly influenza)

33
Q

November 1917

A

Russian revolution

34
Q

What was the bill of rights?

A

more freedom (speech, religion, socially) and elections,

35
Q

What was the Lander?

A

meant that Germany was a regional state, they had local responsibilities such as police and people.

36
Q

What was the electorate of the people? also known as universal suffrage.

A

all citizens aged 20+ could vote
(previously only men 25+)

37
Q

What was proportional representation?

A

a voting system for the Reichstag, a fair system - if it got 5% of votes it got 5% of seats, encourages coalition governments.

38
Q

What was Article 48?

A

the president could rule by decree and abandon democracy - allowing him the pass laws without the support of the Reichstag.

39
Q

Weakness of the Reichstag

A

proportional representation meant that even a party with a small number of votes would gain seats in the Reichstag.

40
Q

Strength of the Reichstag

A

allowed Germany to be more democratic

41
Q

Stab in the back legend

A

the weimar government had to come to terms with the defeat of the First World War and its aftermath.

42
Q

Stab in the back legend terms

A

weak (jewish) politicians gave up easily and the belief that Germany could’ve fought on and won.

43
Q

When was the treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

44
Q

The terms of the treaty.

A

territorial losses
military losses (100,00 only)
reparations (6.6 million)
war guilt

45
Q

Religion in Germany

A

98% christian - 2/3 protestant
- 1/3 catholic
2% non christian - eg jewish.

History: Germany (5 decks)

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