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History: Germany > History: Germany: Topic 5 > Flashcards

History: Germany: Topic 5 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Hindenburg retire?

A

After germanys defeat in 1918

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2
Q

How long did a parliamentary government last?

A

1928-1930

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3
Q

How long did a presidential government last?

A

1930-1933

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4
Q

When was a dictatorship introduced?

A

1933

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5
Q

When was Muller chancellor?

A

1928- March 1930

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6
Q

What party was Muller?

A

SPD

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7
Q

When was Bruning chancellor?

A

March 1930 - May 1932

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8
Q

What party was Bruning?

A

ZP

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9
Q

When was Von Papen chancellor?

A

May 1932 - Nov 1932

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10
Q

What party was Von Papen?

A

ZP

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11
Q

When was Schleicher chancellor?

A

Nov 1932 - Jan 1933 (57 days)

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12
Q

What party was Schleicher apart of?

A

independent (not a politician)

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13
Q

how many elections were in 1932?

A

4

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14
Q

What was article 48 used for specifically in 1930?

A

sustain governments that were unable to get laws passed in the reichstag.

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15
Q

Nsdap % of vote in may 1924?

A

6%

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16
Q

Nsdap vote in sept 1930?

A

37%

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17
Q

Nsdap vote in nov 1930?

A

33%

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18
Q

what did bruning’s coalition disagree on?

A

unemployment relief (3% - 3.5%)

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19
Q

Who arguably caused unemployment to rise most significantly?

A

Bring

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20
Q

what was unemployment rate in 1932?

A

6 million

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21
Q

When did bruning ban the sa?

A

April 1932

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22
Q

Why did he ban the sa?

A

in an attempt to stop street fighting.

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23
Q

when did papen lift the ban on the sa?

A

June 1932

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24
Q

When did hitler demand to be chancellor?

A

august 1932- with 37% of the vote.

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25
Q

What did Papen want fort he army?

A

martial law - soon sacked after.

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26
Q

When did the reichstag drop a vote of no confidence on Papen?

A

September 1932 (only DNVP and DVP supported him).

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27
Q

What did schleicher persuade hindenburg to let him use?

A

new elections

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28
Q

When was hitler made chancellor?

A

11th jan 1934

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29
Q

Who was vice chancellor?

A

Von papen.

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30
Q

what was political intrigue?

A

secret conversations that were ongoing between Oskar, general, papen and hitler.

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31
Q

Why was Bruning unpopular?

A

he adopted a deflationary policy which included government expenditure cuts, civil service wage cuts and a tax increase.

32
Q

What was the hoover moratorium?

A

a temporary legal suspension of debt repayment.

33
Q

Why did Bruning have to resign?

A

his proposals for land reform ha upset the agrarian elite. he lost his office through a vote of no confidence.

34
Q

Why did it take so long for hitler to be in government?

A

he refused to be in any position but the chancellor’s.

35
Q

What were schleicher’s aims?

A

1 - gain support from elements of the political left (especially trade unions)
2 - split the nazis and attract a more socialist wing of the nazi party under Strasser by offering him the position of vice chancellor.

36
Q

What was the downfalls of muller?

A

1 - failed to gain a consensus in his coalition (3 - 3.5%)
2 - persuades and fails at trying to get Hindenburg to let him use article 48
3- resigns 27th march 1930.

37
Q

What were some achievements of muller?

A

1 - successfully got the young plan passed (reparations down 25%)
2- led the final working coalition (SPD, ZP, DVP, DNP,DNVP)
2- withstands from an attempt for his coalition to collapse by a national association who wanted a right wing government.

38
Q

What was the downfalls of Bruing?

A

1- sept 1930; reichstag election increase in extremist parties
2- caused a massive rise in unemployment
3- relied on article 48 too much
4- nicknamed the ‘hunger chancellor’
5-planned to make massive cuts in government and a raise in taxes
6-real exports income fell due to his lower prices
7- had no majority in government

39
Q

What were some achievements of Bruning?

A

1 - July 1930; drives troops out Ruhr
2- dec 1932; military parity
3- April 1932 banned SA
4- tried to use worsening economic conditions to get rid of reparations
5- survived in government after sept 1930 elections as people chanted ‘ anything but hitler’
6-programme of public works and economy improved.

40
Q

What was the downfall of von papen?

A

1- his government did not contain members of the Reichstag
2- ran a ‘presidential government’
3- June 1932 - lived ban on SA
4- Papen agreed to Hitler’s call for ew elections.
5- wanted martial law
6- party morale had declined
7- failed to influence Hitler
8-sept 1932; only DVP and DNVP supported him in elections so a vote of no confidence was given.

41
Q

What were some successes of von papen?

A

1- led a ‘cul-de-sac’
2- had aims of restoring national confidence by creating a more broadly based government
3- maintains Hindenburg’s loyalty after NSDAP growth in 1932
4- nov 1932 elections decreased nazi votes from 37% to 33%

42
Q

What was the downfall of von schleicher?

A

1 - fails to convince Strasser to split from hitler and take on vice chancellor role.
2- 4th Jane 1933; oblivious to Papen’s political intrigue (secret conversations about getting Hitler into power)

43
Q

What were some successes of von schleicher?

A

1 - tries something new and attempts to make a road based support.

44
Q

What were some failures of Hindenburg?

A

1 - stays loyal to Papen for too long
2 - gives into his son Oskar and mades Hitler chancellor
3 - allows Bruning to use article 48
4- easily led by advisors
5- puts a non political leader in the position of chancellor (schleicher)

45
Q

What does Fulbrook say about political intrigue?

A

“hitler did not need to seize power, the old elites simply opened the door and welcomed him in.”

46
Q

What does Evans say about the depression?

A

“the nazi electoral breakthrough in 1930 and 1932 was above all due to the depression.”

47
Q

What does Layton say about the depression?

A

“in the end, the impact of the world depression intensified the pressure that brought about weimar’s final crisis.”

48
Q

What does McDonough say about nazi tactics and growth?

A

“the growth of support for the nazi party from 1930 onwards destabilised democracy more than any other single factor”

49
Q

1928 Reichstag elections % vote?

A

2.8%

50
Q

1930 Sept Reichstag election % vote?

A

18%

51
Q

1932 March/April Presidential % vote?

A

37%

52
Q

1932 July Reichstag election % vote?

A

37.4%

53
Q

1932 Nov Reichstag election % vote?

A

33%

54
Q

What does “rainbow coalition of the discontented” mean?

A

appealing to everyone of a minority

55
Q

Kpd rise in votes between 1928 - 1932?

A

3 million - 5 million

56
Q

Hitler slogans?

A

’ work and bread’
‘ a fair days wage for a fair days work’
‘smash communism’

57
Q

Who was head of propaganda?

A

Josef Goebels (from 1930)

58
Q

What was some propaganda that Hitler used?

A

1- plane over country to reach more cities to give speeches
2-carefully crafted speeches by Goebels
3- uniforms and flags
4- movies, radios, loudspeakers, posters
5- rallies in big populated arenas (football stadium)

59
Q

5 reasons for nazi electoral breakthrough?

A

1- the middle class fear of communism
2- targeting agricultural vote
3- the promise of creating a ‘national community’
4- the promise of achieving’ work and bread’
5- Hitlers impact as a public speaker (personal magnetism)

60
Q

What was the nazi appeal to urban workers?

A

1- the depression, workers sought improvement in economy
2- ‘work and bread’
3- 1930, 55% unemployed
4- ‘out last hope’ campaign

61
Q

What was the nazi appeal to Women?

A

1- nazi commitment to traditional family values
2- personal magnetism (fuhren cult, cult of persona)
3-

62
Q

What was the German word for middle class?

A

mittelstand

63
Q

What was the nazi appeal to the middle-class?

A

1- scared of communism
2- communists won 100 seats in 1930 which scared business men, churches and land lords
3- hyperinflation and the impact on the economy
4- unemployment crisis with small buisnesses
4- the more financially disadvantaged

64
Q

What was the nazi appeal to farmers?

A

1- 18,000 lost farms
2- nazi ‘rural’ programme which was ‘blood and soil’ campaign
3- nazis promised fair prices and a restriction on imported foreign goods
4- in 1933 elections, 52.4% were rural votes.

65
Q

What was the nazi appeal to youth?

A

1- 1931, 61% support came from 18-30 year olds
2- activities for youth (hitler youth 1926)
3- depression, young people scared about future.

66
Q

What was the nazi appeal to industrialists/ big buisnesses?

A

1- feared communism (liberty law campaign)
2- didn’t want socialism
3- helped the nazis look more respectable (also helped with funds for nazi campaigns)

67
Q

What was the ‘furher cult’

A

portrayed hitler as germanys saviour ‘out last hope’

68
Q

What does “Volksgemeninschaft” mean

A

people or national community

69
Q

What was ‘peoples community’?

A

a society based on racist, anti-democracy and nationalist thought.

70
Q

What location did propaganda tend to not affect German peoples view on nazis?

A

Berlin - tended to mistrust them

71
Q

What groups did not support the nazis as much?

A

catholics (the church/religious people)
larger cities.

72
Q

What was ‘mass suggestion’?

A

an enchantment spell that could compel multiple people to perform a course of action as chosen by the dictator.

73
Q

What was used as a safe guard for the nazis in the cabinet?

A

only allowed nazis to be 3/12 seats.

74
Q

what was the culture of violence?

A

using violence as a means for gaining more support, like using the SA as terror.

75
Q

What was ‘peoples party’?

A

like how nazis campaigning was used to specifically apply to a certain section of society.

76
Q

what was the ‘politics of anxiety’?

A

History: Germany (5 decks)

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