History-Elizabethan England Flashcards
who were Elizabeth’s key ministers
Robert Dudley
Francis Walsingham
Sir William Cecil
Sir Christopher Hatton
How did William Cecil serve Elizabeth
became secretary of state from 1550 - 1553 and from 1558 - 1572
became Lord treasurer in 1572
How did Sir Christopher Hatton serve Elizabeth
Organised queens progresses
Captain of queens bodyguard
made lord chancellor in 1587
How did sir Francis Walsingham serve Elizabeth
Was in charge of Elizabeth’s secret service
was made secretary of state in 1572
in 1586 found out that Mary queen of Scots was involved in the Babington plot
How did Robert Dudley serve Elizabeth
Loyal adviser
1585-made commander of army sent to fight Spanish
1588-made commander of English land forces against Spanish armada
When Was William Cecil made Lord treasurer
1572
When Was William Cecil made Secretary of State
1558
When Was Christopher Hatton made Lord Chancellor
1587
When Was Francis Walsingham made secretary of state
1572
when did sir Francis Walsingham find evidence that Mary queen of scots was in a plot to murder Elizabeth
1586
When was Robert Dudley appointed army commander against the Spanish in the Netherlands
1585
when was Robert Dudley put in charge of all land forces against the Armada
1588
Who were Elizabeth’s parents
Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII
What does Monarchy mean
A system of rule with a queen or king at the head
What is a dynasty
Rulers of the same bloodline who rule one after the other
What is hierarchy
A system in which member are ranked according to their status or authority
What is a parliament
A group of people who assemble to discuss and make laws and policies
What is a Government
A group of people with the authority to govern a country or state
Who were the Nobility
Wealthiest landowners and were the Monarchs leading advisers. Often appointed as lord lieutenant
Who were the Gentry
They were Knights, Lawyers, and Merchants who owned land but were less wealthy than the nobility. were part of local Government and ran them
What did the Justices of Peace do
Collected taxes set wages and kept law and order
How many Justices of peace are there in a county
there are 40 Justices of peace in a county.
What covered a 1/4 of England in 1558
Heathlands
Why were rural area dangerous
You may be robbed
How many people would live in a single roomed thatched house
7-8 would live in a thatched house
Why were the Houses so dark
The houses were dark due to candles being expensive and windows were made to be very small
Why were windows made to be small
Windows were made to be small to keep as much heat in as possible
Who were Yeoman
The yeoman were farmers who owned land
Who were tenant farmers
Tenant farmers were people who rented farmland from landowners to work on
What three weaknesses did Elizabeth have
Legitimacy
Gender
Marriage
Why was Elizabeth’s Gender seen as a Weakness
People feared she would not be able to control the strong male nobles
Why was Elizabeth’s Legitimacy put to question
Elizabeth’s mother was beheaded due to having an affair with her brother so in turn she was seen as illegitimate
State reasons why MP’s felt confident in arguing with Elizabeth
They had freedoms from arrest and had freedom of speech
They also were better educated than past MP’s
What were some complaints made by the MP’s during their debates toward Elizabeth
Elizabeth’s marital status
Trading monopiles
Religious grievances
Why did a vast majority of MP’s behave how Elizabeth wanted them to
They owed their seats to the patronage of the council and the queen this is because all MP’s were carefully considered by the privy council if they should join
How did Elizabeth attempt to limit the influence of Parliament
Attended meetings in person when necessary
used speeches to both charm and bully members
Able to appoint a speaker to control the flow of the conversation
What did Parliament do
They passed laws (acts of parliament)
offered advice to the monarch
Who were the lord lieutenants
Local nobility who were in charge of raising and training the local militia
oversaw the enforcement of the monarchs laws and enforcement
Oversaw Justices of Peace
What was the role of the Court
To entertain and advise the monarch
a public display of wealth and power to her allies and rival monarchs
To allow the queen to control the country more efficiently
What was the privy council
Councillors selected by Elizabeth to debate current issues and then advise the monarch
Oversaw law and order, local gov and the security of England
Who was the secretary of state
Most important privy council member closest to queen who’s advice she listened to the most
What was the name of the king of Spain
King Phillip the 2nd
How did the pope challenge the religious settlement
Told Catholics to not attend Church
Sent Jesuits to England in April 1580
What happened to Catholics who did not attend church
They were forced to pay fines
Who were Jesuits
Specially trained catholic priests ,who first arrived in England in 1580, that were made to convert wealthy and powerful families to Catholicism and turn them against the queen.
What was the punishment for high treason and plotting against Elizabeth
You were hung, drawn and quartered
What happened in 1581
fine of recusancy was raised to £20
Attempting to convert anyone into a catholic was considered treason
What act was passed in 1584
The act against Jesuits and seminar priests- this made becoming a priest treason and all priests were ordered to leave England in 40 days
By the end of Elizabeth’s reign how many of the population were catholic sympathisers
10%
By the end of Elizabeth’s reign how many of the population were recusants
2%
When was the Act of Supremacy put in effect
1559
When was the Act of uniformity put in effect
1559
What did Act of Supremacy do
Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the church in England
What did the Act of Uniformity do
Made all forms of worship the same and made it so that everybody had to go to church that followed the book of common prayer.
when did Mary queen of Scots arrive in England
May 1568
What is the Papacy
Institute of the catholic church
What are some reasons for why Mary could cause problems for Elizabeth
She is loved by the Catholics in England
She has a legitimate claim to throne
The Catholic rebels in England saw her as a figurehead
She has produced a heir
She had powerful foreign supporters-Spanish and French
The Privy council were worried about Mary being in England
What were the options Elizabeth had when it came to dealing with Mary
Help her regain her throne
Execute Mary
Allow Mary to go abroad
Keep Mary in England
What were the pro’s of helping Mary regain her throne
Mary could become a powerful supporter for Elizabeth in Scotland
What were the cons of helping Mary regain her throne
May cause Civil war in Scotland
Scotland is now a protestant country-opportunity for good relationship
What were the pros of executing Mary
She will not be a threat anymore
shows power
appeases privy council
What were the cons of executing Mary
Scotland and France ally against England
Sets dangerous idea that monarchs can be killed
What were the pro’s of sending Mary abroad
Catholic nobles cant use her as a figurehead for rebellions
What were the cons of sending Mary abroad
France may use her as a legitimate reason to take over England
What were the pros of keeping Mary in England
France does not have a legitimate reason to take over England
Angers the French and Scots Less than if you execute Mary
What were the cons of keeping Mary in England
Catholic nobles can use her as a figurehead in there rebellions
Privy council will be unhappy
When did the Ridolfi plot happen
1571
When did the Throckmorton plot happen
1583
When did the Babington plot happen
1586
Who plotted the Ridolfi plot
Roberto Ridolfi
What was the plan of the Ridolfi plot
The pope and Spain would send an army to overthrow Elizabeth
Was Mary queen of Scots involved in the Ridolfi plot
Nope
Who found out about the Ridolfi plot
William Cecil
Who backed and helped the Ridolfi plot
Duke of Alba, the pope and Phillip the 2nd
What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot
Showed Elizabeth there was a threat from beyond
Who was the plotter of the Throckmorton plot
Francis Throckmorton
What was the plan of the Throckmorton plot
France and Spain would invade England, release Mary and make her queen
How was Mary involved in the Throckmorton plot
Mary was sending letters to the French and the Spanish Ambassador de Mendoza
Who discovered the Throckmorton plot
Francis Walsingham
Who plotted the Babington plot
Anthony Babington
What was the plan of the Babington plot
to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne
How was Mary involved with the Babington plot
Mary agreed to the assassination of Elizabeth
Which key figures were involved in the Babington plot
the pope and the Philip the 2nd
Why was Sheffield Manor lodge’s Location important
was in north of England
not close to any coasts- her rescuers cant get to her by boat
not close to Scotland or London- her supporters in both places wont be able to easily reach her
Near to Sheffield castle- more secure
near to other main estates of George Talbot- she can be moved around so its harder to for supporters to rescue her
Not many open roads near her
Why was the design of Sheffield manor Lodge important
In 1570 Sheffield Manor lodge was destroyed then rebuilt to be grander, more beautiful and overall better this was because:
if people thought that Mary was being treated well it was less likely for anybody to come try and rescue her
What people are related to the Sheffield manor lodge
Anthony Babbington- led the Babbington plot
George Talbot
Bess of Hardwick
William Cecil
Sir Francis Walsingham
Mary queen of Scots
What was the pacification of Ghent
it happened in 1576
where the northern and southern sides of Holland put aside there religious differences to kick the Spanish out
When was the pacification of Ghent
1576
What was the treaty of Joinville
signed in 1584
the secret treaty between catholic leaders to exterminate the protestants and French cooperation
What was the treaty of Nonsuch
Signed in 1585
signed in retaliation of Joinville treaty
Elizabeth sent money and soldiers to help the Dutch revolution
Why did the privateers cause conflict with Spain
during 1580s
Privateers attacked Phillip the 2nd colonies in the Caribbean and stole £30,000 (1585)
Attacked Spanish ships filled with gold and stole £40,000 in gold from Phillip
Why did the rebellion in the Netherlands cause conflict with England and Spain
Rebellion from 1560 till 1585
Treaty of Joinville and Nonsuch
English traders were banned from trading cloth in Antwerp
Large Spanish army near England (army in Holland)
Why did the assembly of the Spanish armada cause conflict
Act of war to England
Elizabeth had to spend lots of money to strengthen coastal defences
What are some reasons for the Spanish armada to be launched
France was at civil war (spanish wont be attacked by french if they attack England)
Piracy against Spain
Spain supports plots against Elizabeth
Religious differences
Marriage rejection
Elizabeth supporting Dutch revolt
How many Ships were in the Spanish Armada
130 ships
how many guns did the Spanish Armada have
2431 guns
How many men did the Spanish Armada have
30000 men
Why were English ships superior compared to Spanish ships
English ships were:
faster
easier to manoeuvre
could fire at longer distances and reload more quickly
Who designed the improved English ships
John Hawkins who spent years leading up to the the Spanish armada improving English ships
Why was the Armada badly supplied
in 1587:
Francis drake destroyed 30 ships at Cadiz- Attack also destroyed high quality food and water containers
Spanish had to use low-quality food and water containers- water depleted quickly and food rotted quickly
Why did English tactics lead to destruction of Armada
English ships chased after Armada through English channel- Armada couldn’t rest
Battle of gravelines (8th Aug 1588)- English sent fire ships toward Armada at Calais- caused confusion and scattered Armada
At the battle Armada was scattered into North sea
How did the Weather lead to the defeat of the Armada
After Gravelines strong wind carried Armada in to the North sea- Supplies low disease ran rampant
Duke of Medina-Sidonia had to call of invasion and return
How did Elizabeth listening to Expert advice lead tot the defeat of the Armada
England had Charles Howard who was an experienced Naval commander
