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Revision > History-Elizabethan England > Flashcards

History-Elizabethan England Flashcards

1
Q

who were Elizabeth’s key ministers

A

Robert Dudley
Francis Walsingham
Sir William Cecil
Sir Christopher Hatton

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2
Q

How did William Cecil serve Elizabeth

A

became secretary of state from 1550 - 1553 and from 1558 - 1572

became Lord treasurer in 1572

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3
Q

How did Sir Christopher Hatton serve Elizabeth

A

Organised queens progresses
Captain of queens bodyguard
made lord chancellor in 1587

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4
Q

How did sir Francis Walsingham serve Elizabeth

A

Was in charge of Elizabeth’s secret service
was made secretary of state in 1572
in 1586 found out that Mary queen of Scots was involved in the Babington plot

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5
Q

How did Robert Dudley serve Elizabeth

A

Loyal adviser
1585-made commander of army sent to fight Spanish
1588-made commander of English land forces against Spanish armada

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6
Q

When Was William Cecil made Lord treasurer

A

1572

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7
Q

When Was William Cecil made Secretary of State

A

1558

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8
Q

When Was Christopher Hatton made Lord Chancellor

A

1587

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9
Q

When Was Francis Walsingham made secretary of state

A

1572

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10
Q

when did sir Francis Walsingham find evidence that Mary queen of scots was in a plot to murder Elizabeth

A

1586

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11
Q

When was Robert Dudley appointed army commander against the Spanish in the Netherlands

A

1585

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12
Q

when was Robert Dudley put in charge of all land forces against the Armada

A

1588

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13
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s parents

A

Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII

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14
Q

What does Monarchy mean

A

A system of rule with a queen or king at the head

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15
Q

What is a dynasty

A

Rulers of the same bloodline who rule one after the other

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16
Q

What is hierarchy

A

A system in which member are ranked according to their status or authority

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17
Q

What is a parliament

A

A group of people who assemble to discuss and make laws and policies

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18
Q

What is a Government

A

A group of people with the authority to govern a country or state

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19
Q

Who were the Nobility

A

Wealthiest landowners and were the Monarchs leading advisers. Often appointed as lord lieutenant

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20
Q

Who were the Gentry

A

They were Knights, Lawyers, and Merchants who owned land but were less wealthy than the nobility. were part of local Government and ran them

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21
Q

What did the Justices of Peace do

A

Collected taxes set wages and kept law and order

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22
Q

How many Justices of peace are there in a county

A

there are 40 Justices of peace in a county.

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23
Q

What covered a 1/4 of England in 1558

A

Heathlands

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24
Q

Why were rural area dangerous

A

You may be robbed

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25
Q

How many people would live in a single roomed thatched house

A

7-8 would live in a thatched house

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26
Q

Why were the Houses so dark

A

The houses were dark due to candles being expensive and windows were made to be very small

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27
Q

Why were windows made to be small

A

Windows were made to be small to keep as much heat in as possible

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28
Q

Who were Yeoman

A

The yeoman were farmers who owned land

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29
Q

Who were tenant farmers

A

Tenant farmers were people who rented farmland from landowners to work on

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30
Q

What three weaknesses did Elizabeth have

A

Legitimacy
Gender
Marriage

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31
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s Gender seen as a Weakness

A

People feared she would not be able to control the strong male nobles

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32
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s Legitimacy put to question

A

Elizabeth’s mother was beheaded due to having an affair with her brother so in turn she was seen as illegitimate

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33
Q

State reasons why MP’s felt confident in arguing with Elizabeth

A

They had freedoms from arrest and had freedom of speech
They also were better educated than past MP’s

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34
Q

What were some complaints made by the MP’s during their debates toward Elizabeth

A

Elizabeth’s marital status
Trading monopiles
Religious grievances

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35
Q

Why did a vast majority of MP’s behave how Elizabeth wanted them to

A

They owed their seats to the patronage of the council and the queen this is because all MP’s were carefully considered by the privy council if they should join

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36
Q

How did Elizabeth attempt to limit the influence of Parliament

A

Attended meetings in person when necessary

used speeches to both charm and bully members

Able to appoint a speaker to control the flow of the conversation

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37
Q

What did Parliament do

A

They passed laws (acts of parliament)
offered advice to the monarch

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38
Q

Who were the lord lieutenants

A

Local nobility who were in charge of raising and training the local militia
oversaw the enforcement of the monarchs laws and enforcement
Oversaw Justices of Peace

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39
Q

What was the role of the Court

A

To entertain and advise the monarch
a public display of wealth and power to her allies and rival monarchs
To allow the queen to control the country more efficiently

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40
Q

What was the privy council

A

Councillors selected by Elizabeth to debate current issues and then advise the monarch
Oversaw law and order, local gov and the security of England

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41
Q

Who was the secretary of state

A

Most important privy council member closest to queen who’s advice she listened to the most

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42
Q

What was the name of the king of Spain

A

King Phillip the 2nd

43
Q

How did the pope challenge the religious settlement

A

Told Catholics to not attend Church
Sent Jesuits to England in April 1580

44
Q

What happened to Catholics who did not attend church

A

They were forced to pay fines

45
Q

Who were Jesuits

A

Specially trained catholic priests ,who first arrived in England in 1580, that were made to convert wealthy and powerful families to Catholicism and turn them against the queen.

46
Q

What was the punishment for high treason and plotting against Elizabeth

A

You were hung, drawn and quartered

47
Q

What happened in 1581

A

fine of recusancy was raised to £20

Attempting to convert anyone into a catholic was considered treason

48
Q

What act was passed in 1584

A

The act against Jesuits and seminar priests- this made becoming a priest treason and all priests were ordered to leave England in 40 days

49
Q

By the end of Elizabeth’s reign how many of the population were catholic sympathisers

A

10%

50
Q

By the end of Elizabeth’s reign how many of the population were recusants

A

2%

51
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy put in effect

A

1559

52
Q

When was the Act of uniformity put in effect

A

1559

53
Q

What did Act of Supremacy do

A

Made Elizabeth supreme governor of the church in England

54
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity do

A

Made all forms of worship the same and made it so that everybody had to go to church that followed the book of common prayer.

55
Q

when did Mary queen of Scots arrive in England

A

May 1568

56
Q

What is the Papacy

A

Institute of the catholic church

57
Q

What are some reasons for why Mary could cause problems for Elizabeth

A

She is loved by the Catholics in England
She has a legitimate claim to throne
The Catholic rebels in England saw her as a figurehead
She has produced a heir
She had powerful foreign supporters-Spanish and French
The Privy council were worried about Mary being in England

58
Q

What were the options Elizabeth had when it came to dealing with Mary

A

Help her regain her throne
Execute Mary
Allow Mary to go abroad
Keep Mary in England

59
Q

What were the pro’s of helping Mary regain her throne

A

Mary could become a powerful supporter for Elizabeth in Scotland

60
Q

What were the cons of helping Mary regain her throne

A

May cause Civil war in Scotland
Scotland is now a protestant country-opportunity for good relationship

61
Q

What were the pros of executing Mary

A

She will not be a threat anymore
shows power
appeases privy council

62
Q

What were the cons of executing Mary

A

Scotland and France ally against England
Sets dangerous idea that monarchs can be killed

63
Q

What were the pro’s of sending Mary abroad

A

Catholic nobles cant use her as a figurehead for rebellions

64
Q

What were the cons of sending Mary abroad

A

France may use her as a legitimate reason to take over England

65
Q

What were the pros of keeping Mary in England

A

France does not have a legitimate reason to take over England
Angers the French and Scots Less than if you execute Mary

66
Q

What were the cons of keeping Mary in England

A

Catholic nobles can use her as a figurehead in there rebellions
Privy council will be unhappy

67
Q

When did the Ridolfi plot happen

A

1571

68
Q

When did the Throckmorton plot happen

A

1583

69
Q

When did the Babington plot happen

A

1586

70
Q

Who plotted the Ridolfi plot

A

Roberto Ridolfi

71
Q

What was the plan of the Ridolfi plot

A

The pope and Spain would send an army to overthrow Elizabeth

72
Q

Was Mary queen of Scots involved in the Ridolfi plot

A

Nope

73
Q

Who found out about the Ridolfi plot

A

William Cecil

74
Q

Who backed and helped the Ridolfi plot

A

Duke of Alba, the pope and Phillip the 2nd

75
Q

What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot

A

Showed Elizabeth there was a threat from beyond

76
Q

Who was the plotter of the Throckmorton plot

A

Francis Throckmorton

77
Q

What was the plan of the Throckmorton plot

A

France and Spain would invade England, release Mary and make her queen

78
Q

How was Mary involved in the Throckmorton plot

A

Mary was sending letters to the French and the Spanish Ambassador de Mendoza

79
Q

Who discovered the Throckmorton plot

A

Francis Walsingham

80
Q

Who plotted the Babington plot

A

Anthony Babington

81
Q

What was the plan of the Babington plot

A

to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne

82
Q

How was Mary involved with the Babington plot

A

Mary agreed to the assassination of Elizabeth

83
Q

Which key figures were involved in the Babington plot

A

the pope and the Philip the 2nd

84
Q

Why was Sheffield Manor lodge’s Location important

A

was in north of England
not close to any coasts- her rescuers cant get to her by boat

not close to Scotland or London- her supporters in both places wont be able to easily reach her

Near to Sheffield castle- more secure

near to other main estates of George Talbot- she can be moved around so its harder to for supporters to rescue her
Not many open roads near her

85
Q

Why was the design of Sheffield manor Lodge important

A

In 1570 Sheffield Manor lodge was destroyed then rebuilt to be grander, more beautiful and overall better this was because:
if people thought that Mary was being treated well it was less likely for anybody to come try and rescue her

86
Q

What people are related to the Sheffield manor lodge

A

Anthony Babbington- led the Babbington plot
George Talbot
Bess of Hardwick
William Cecil
Sir Francis Walsingham
Mary queen of Scots

87
Q

What was the pacification of Ghent

A

it happened in 1576
where the northern and southern sides of Holland put aside there religious differences to kick the Spanish out

88
Q

When was the pacification of Ghent

A

1576

89
Q

What was the treaty of Joinville

A

signed in 1584
the secret treaty between catholic leaders to exterminate the protestants and French cooperation

90
Q

What was the treaty of Nonsuch

A

Signed in 1585
signed in retaliation of Joinville treaty
Elizabeth sent money and soldiers to help the Dutch revolution

91
Q

Why did the privateers cause conflict with Spain

A

during 1580s
Privateers attacked Phillip the 2nd colonies in the Caribbean and stole £30,000 (1585)

Attacked Spanish ships filled with gold and stole £40,000 in gold from Phillip

92
Q

Why did the rebellion in the Netherlands cause conflict with England and Spain

A

Rebellion from 1560 till 1585
Treaty of Joinville and Nonsuch
English traders were banned from trading cloth in Antwerp
Large Spanish army near England (army in Holland)

93
Q

Why did the assembly of the Spanish armada cause conflict

A

Act of war to England
Elizabeth had to spend lots of money to strengthen coastal defences

94
Q

What are some reasons for the Spanish armada to be launched

A

France was at civil war (spanish wont be attacked by french if they attack England)

Piracy against Spain

Spain supports plots against Elizabeth

Religious differences

Marriage rejection

Elizabeth supporting Dutch revolt

95
Q

How many Ships were in the Spanish Armada

A

130 ships

96
Q

how many guns did the Spanish Armada have

A

2431 guns

97
Q

How many men did the Spanish Armada have

A

30000 men

98
Q

Why were English ships superior compared to Spanish ships

A

English ships were:
faster
easier to manoeuvre
could fire at longer distances and reload more quickly

99
Q

Who designed the improved English ships

A

John Hawkins who spent years leading up to the the Spanish armada improving English ships

100
Q

Why was the Armada badly supplied

A

in 1587:
Francis drake destroyed 30 ships at Cadiz- Attack also destroyed high quality food and water containers
Spanish had to use low-quality food and water containers- water depleted quickly and food rotted quickly

101
Q

Why did English tactics lead to destruction of Armada

A

English ships chased after Armada through English channel- Armada couldn’t rest

Battle of gravelines (8th Aug 1588)- English sent fire ships toward Armada at Calais- caused confusion and scattered Armada

At the battle Armada was scattered into North sea

102
Q

How did the Weather lead to the defeat of the Armada

A

After Gravelines strong wind carried Armada in to the North sea- Supplies low disease ran rampant
Duke of Medina-Sidonia had to call of invasion and return

103
Q

How did Elizabeth listening to Expert advice lead tot the defeat of the Armada

A

England had Charles Howard who was an experienced Naval commander

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