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Citizenship Flashcards

1
Q

what are some opportunities to participate in Democracy

A

voting in elections and referendums
membership in political parties
interest groups, petition groups and e-petitions

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2
Q

what are some barriers when participating in democracy

A

Age
Time/Money limitations
apathy indifference

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3
Q

what are some advantages to joining a pressure group

A

meet like-minded people
Further a cause
Gives Minorities a Voice
Raise Awareness.

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4
Q

What are some disadvantages to joining a pressure group

A

may be subject to harassment/Trolling
The Echo chamber phenomenon
time money commitments

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5
Q

What are some advantages to joining a political party

A

progression and career opportunities
influencing policy and individual
supporting something you agree with

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6
Q

what are some disadvantages to joining a political party

A

Costs
Effort and time
Alienation from friends and loved ones

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7
Q

what are some advantages to standing for election

A

raised profile and status
influencing debates and getting your voice heard

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8
Q

what are some disadvantages for standing for election

A

time and money commitments
opening yourself for abuse and ridicule

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9
Q

what are the roles of interest groups and pressure groups

A

raising awareness
campaigning for or against policy or cause
representing specific group

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10
Q

what are the role of trade unions

A

representing employees
campaigning for employee rights
organising and voting on for industrial action

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11
Q

what are the roles of charities

A

taking practical action to relieve a problem
providing care for people or services
campaigning and fundraising

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12
Q

When was the magna carta signed

A

1215

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13
Q

When was Parliament Formed

A

1259

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14
Q

What happened in 1430

A

The 40 shilling franchise- to be able to have a say in parliament you must have 40 shillings

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15
Q

What happened between 1536 to 1543

A

England invades wales

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16
Q

What happened in 1642

A

The English civil war between the cavaliers and the new model army

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17
Q

What happened in 1649

A

The fall of the Monarchy

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18
Q

What happened in 1660

A

the reintroduction of the Monarchy

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19
Q

What happened in 1707

A

England invades Scotland

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20
Q

What happened in 1801

A

Ireland gets invaded- Formation of United Kingdom

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21
Q

What happened in 1832

A

1 in 7 men were able to vote

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22
Q

What happened in 1914

A

The start of WW1

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23
Q

What happened in 1918

A

Women get the Vote

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24
Q

What happened in 1945

A

The rebuilding of the Commons

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25
Q

What happened in 1969

A

Voting lowered to 18

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26
Q

What is a Democracy

A

A type of government were the principle of all are equal and hold power is supreme

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27
Q

What does the Legislative do

A

The Legislative makes law

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28
Q

what is an example of the Legislative

A

Parliament

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29
Q

What does the Executive do

A

The executive enforces the Law

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30
Q

Examples of the Executive

A

Government/Police/Armed Forces/ MI5 (home security)/ MI6 (foreign affairs)

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31
Q

What is the role of the Judiciary

A

To punish those that break the law

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32
Q

What type of Democracy is the UK

A

The UK is a Liberal Demoracy

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33
Q

What are our freedoms

A

We have the:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of movement
Freedom of Media
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Expression

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34
Q

What is Direct Democracy

A

Direct Democracy is when Citizens gather together to discuss and decide on issues

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35
Q

What are the values that underpin democracy

A

The values that underpin democracy are
Democracy
Rule of Law
Equality
Individual Liberty
Tolerance

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36
Q

What are Rights

A

Rights are legal, social and ethical entitlements everyone has within society

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37
Q

What are Responsibilities

A

Responsibilities are duties that are placed upon a citizen by a society. For example you are expected to pay taxes and you expected to obey the law

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38
Q

How many are in the House of commons

A

there are 650 members in the house of commons

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39
Q

How much time is taken up in the commons making Laws

A

Nearly 50% of all time in the commons is used to make laws

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40
Q

How many are in the House of Lords

A

760

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41
Q

What are the roles of the House of Lords

A

They scrutinise laws that are in the process of being made
They conduct a variety of investigations and inquiry’s to help in the making of government policies

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42
Q

What are Civil Servants

A

Civil Servants are workers in the government who are politically impartial and experts in the field they work in and

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43
Q

Who are civil servants appointed under

A

the monarchy

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44
Q

What is the constitutional reform act of 2005

A

The constitutional reform act of 2005 separated the judiciary from parliament and the House of Lords and created the supreme court

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45
Q

What is Devolution

A

The transfer or delegation of power to a lower power

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46
Q

What are the three types of devolution

A

Administrative devolution
Financial devolution
Legislative devolution

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47
Q

When was the good Friday agreement signed

A

1998

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48
Q

What were the terms of the good Friday agreement

A

There will be an agreed form of power sharing in Northern Ireland

All political prisoners were to be released on licence but if they recommitted they shall serve their full sentence

The decommission of all weapons in the IRA

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49
Q

What are the arguments for devolution

A

More demand for self governance in the national regions

Each National region has different needs compared to England

More democratic as the people are closer to government

Will reduce the workload of the British parliament and government

50
Q

What are some arguments against Devolution

A

May lead to break up of UK

Demand for devolution was over exaggerated

The west Lothian question

51
Q

What is the closed party list

A

Voters will cast a single vote for a party. The number of votes a party gets determines the number of party members that are elected

52
Q

What are the advantages of the Closed Party List

A

This voting system has more proportionality compared to others

53
Q

What are the disadvantages of the closed party list

A

the voter has no choice regarding the order of candidates on the party list

54
Q

Where is Closed Party List used

A

European Parliament

55
Q

What is first past the post

A

a voting system were the candidates with the most votes wins in a constituency. This is a non-proportional system.

56
Q

What are the advantages of first past the post

A

the system is simple to use

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of first past the post

A

People can be elected on a minority vote

Governments are elected on a minority of the vote

smaller parties are under-represented

58
Q

Where is First past the post used

A

UK parliament

Local authority elections in England

59
Q

What is Single transferrable vote

A

proportional system were the electors place candidates in number order of who they want to vote

Each candidate must reach a quota of votes to win

if candidate reaches above the quota then vote is moved to voters lower choices

60
Q

What are the advantages of Single transferrable vote

A

Every vote does help elect someone

the result closely matches the votes cast for each party

61
Q

What are the negatives of Single transferrable vote

A

Coalition governments are more likely to happen

results can take a long-time to count

62
Q

Where is single transferrable vote used

A

European parliament (Northern Ireland)

Northern Ireland Assembly

Northern Ireland local councils

Scottish local councils

63
Q

How does supplementary vote work

A

Voters pick a first and second candidate

Once votes have been counted up every candidate except the candidate with the most amount of votes and the runners up are eliminated

Then the candidate who wins is the candidate with the most amount of secondary votes

64
Q

What are the advantages of Supplementary vote

A

ensures that the winner has over 50% of the votes cast

65
Q

What are the disadvantages of Supplementary vote

A

often the winner relies on others’ second choices

66
Q

Where is supplementary vote used

A

Directly elected mayors
Police and crime commissioners

67
Q

How does the Additional member system work

A

voters have two votes
one vote is for a candidate to represent the voter which is done through first past the post

The second vote is where you choose the party or individual candidate to represent your region
7 candidates are chosen to represent your region

68
Q

What are the advantages of the Additional member system

A

ensures that the wishes of the voters are more closely aligned to the outcome

69
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Additional member system

A

Ends up with a member that was directly elected and a member voted from a list

70
Q

Where is Additional member system used

A

Scottish parliament
Welsh assembly
Greater London authority

71
Q

What are the four different types of bills

A

Public bills
Private bills
Hybrid bills
Private members’ bills

72
Q

What are Public bills

A

Proposed by government ministers
these change the law as it applies to the entire population

73
Q

What are Private bills

A

Promoted by organisations like local authorities and private companies

only change the law in regard to that one organisation or body

74
Q

What are Hybrid bills

A

Bills that affect the general public but also a significant impact on those who proposed the bill

75
Q

What are Private members’ bills

A

a form of public bill as they affect the entire population but cannot involve raising taxation. introduced by MP’s and Lords who are not government ministers

76
Q

What are the steps in making a law

A

The Green paper
The First Reading
The Second reading
The Committee stage
The Report stage
The Third Reading
The Royal Assent

77
Q

What is the Green Paper stage

A

the discussion document about a possible new law. Government will invite MP’s and others to make suggestions.

78
Q

What is the First Reading

A

Government publishes White paper which is a proposal for a new law. This becomes a Bill which is then formerly announced.

No discussion at this stage

79
Q

What is the Second Reading

A

This the stage where discussions take place about the bill and votes take place at the end of the debate

A second reading is the stage of the legislative process where a draft of a bill is read a second time. A vote is taken on the general outlines of the bill before being sent to committee.

80
Q

What is the Committee stage

A

Groups of MP’s from each party will discuss the Bill line by line and vote on amendments

81
Q

What is the Report stage

A

Work of the committee is voted on and discussed in the house of Commons

82
Q

What is the Third Reading

A

amended legislation is voted upon and is sent to the House of Lords were steps from the first reading to the third reading is repeated and voted upon. Bill returns to house of Commons if Lords Make amendments were further votes take place until Bill is accepted

83
Q

What is Royal Assent

A

The Legislation is agreed and signed by the monarch.

84
Q

How many regions is Britain spit into

A

9

85
Q

What are some examples of unitary authorities

A

Derby, Bristol, Luton

86
Q

What are unitary authorities responsible for

A

Education
Highways
Transport planning
passenger transport
social care
Housing
Libraries
Leisure and recreation
Environmental health
Waste collection
Waste disposal
Planning applications
Strategic planning
Local tax collection

87
Q

What are county councils responsible for

A

Education
Highways
Transport planning
Passenger transport
Social care
Housing
Libraries
Waste disposal
Strategic planning

88
Q

How many county councils are there

A

27

89
Q

How many district councils are there

A

201

90
Q

What are district councils responsibilitys

A

Housing
Environmental health
Refuse collection
planning
leisure and recreation

91
Q

What are the roles of a local councillor

A

represent interests of the local community they were elected by

represent their political party if they stood on the council

campaign for the best interests of the council area

help decide on council policy including the level of council tax and its spending plans

92
Q

How are local councillors made accountable for their actions

A

Local media report on the work of the local councillors

Financial expenses claimed from the council by councillors are published

93
Q

Examples of anti-discrimination legislation

A

Race relations act 2000
Equal pay act 1970
Sex discrimination act 1975 and 2002
Disability discrimination act 1995 and 2005
Equality acts 2006 and 2010

94
Q

Who are the members of the jury

A

randomly selected citizens who determine the outcome of trials

95
Q

What powers do the police have

A

they have the ability to stop and search

They are able to arrest

They can entry, search and seize

96
Q

What is procedure the police have to go through when arresting someone

A

They must identify themselves as police

They must tell the person they are being arrested

tell the person what crime the police think they committed

Explain why it was necessary to make that arrest

Explain that the arrested person is not free to leave

97
Q

What are the roles of judges

A

They preside over court hearings

interpret and apply the law

create case law- when law is unclear judges make new rulings

decide sentencing

protect citizens from overbearing state- can adjudicate if citizens have a grievance about the power of the state

98
Q

Who are solicitors

A

people who help in the preparation of the case and advocate it. They also help in the formation of wills, commercial work and land and building issues

99
Q

Who are barristers

A

Barristers are employed by solicitors to advocate for their clients in courts- they usual work in Crown, High or appeal court.

100
Q

What are tribunals

A

Tribunals are specialist courts who deal with certain areas of the law

101
Q

What are Ombudsmen

A

An official who is appointed to check on government activities on behalf of an individual citizen and to investigate complaints that are made

102
Q

What are the adv of tribunals

A

can deal with specialised issues

simple and informal procedure

can be cheaper than conventional courts

can be quicker than the court system

103
Q

What are the disadv of Tribunals

A

Applicants who pay for legal professionals to represent them have a higher success chance for cases- may highlight financial inequalities

Reasons for decisions reached aren’t always clear

104
Q

What are the adv of ombudsmen

A

problems may be solved quickly

may lead to recommended changes taking place in government agencies or local bodies

No cost

Independent from government

105
Q

What are the disadv of ombudsmen

A

power restrained as they cannot deal with matters that can be dealt by courts

complaints must be made through elected representative-can be barrier to citizens trying to participate wishing to scrutinise government actions

106
Q

What are some examples of custodial sentences

A

Prison
life sentence
extended sentence
determinate sentence
suspended sentence

107
Q

What is an extended sentence

A

someone serving an extended sentence must spend at least two-thirds of the sentence in prison and can only be released from prison before the expiry of the full sentence if the Parole Board considers that they no longer pose an unacceptable level of risk to the public; and secondly, the period served on licence can be extended by up to a maximum of five years for a specified violent offence and up to eight years for a specified sexual offence

108
Q

What is a determinate sentence

A

fixed term in prison

109
Q

What is a suspended sentence

A

sentenced to a maximum of two years but carries out court orders such as unpaid labour or receives treatment for drugs and alcohol to avoid time in prison

110
Q

What are some non-custodial orders

A

community service

fine

Ancillary orders

Discharge

111
Q

What are some ancillary orders

A

drink banning order
compensation order
restraining order
football banning order

112
Q

What are unitary authorities

A

Local authorities that are responsible for all government functions in its area.

113
Q

How are taxes raised

A

Sales such as passport applications

Fines and penalties e.g. speeding tickets

income tax, VAT, National insurance

114
Q

What is the job of parliament

A

Voting on the passing of legislation
Amending and updating legislation
Representing their constituency
Holding government to account

115
Q

What is the job of the civil service

A

Carrying out routine administration
Enacting decisions made by ministers
advising ministers

116
Q

What is the job of the monarch

A

Being a figurehead of the united kingdom
meeting weekly with the prime minister
Acting as an experienced advisor

117
Q

What is the job of the judiciary

A

interpreting laws passed by Parliament
Deciding on liability and sentencing
interpreting complex legal systems
setting a precedent

118
Q

What criteria do you need to fulfil to be able to vote

A

You must be 18 to vote
You must be British, Irish or a commonwealth citizen
You must be registered to vote
You must be resident at a UK address
You cannot have been legally excluded from voting

119
Q

What are some arguments for reducing the voting age to 16

A

Young people pay some taxes

Young people are affected by elections

it would encourage young people to be interested in politics

120
Q

Arguments against reducing the voting age

A

There are many things which cannot be done at 16

Young people have less life experience

Young people do not always have the majority to make informed decisions

121
Q

What are factors that affect voter turnout

A

The weather
The date of elections
big issues of the day
Voter apathy
The average age of the electorate in the constituency
The closeness of the lections

Revision (18 decks)

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