Biology paper 1 Flashcards
What are Prokaryotes
a single celled organisim
What are Eukaryotes
organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
What is Differentiation
the process in which a cell changes it self to become specialised for its jobs
What happens to the ability of differentiation for animal cell
it is lost at an early age
What happens to the ability of differentiation of a plant cell
it is not lost
how are sperm cells specialised
long tail and stream lined head to help swim to the egg
lots of mitochondria to provide energy
carries enzymes needed to digest through cell membrane
How are nerve cells specialised
cells are long
cells are branched at each end to connect with other nerve cells
How are muscle cells specialised
cells are long and contain a lot of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction
How are root hair cells specialised
grow into long hairs that stick into soil- gives a big surface area for absorbing water and miner ions from soil
How are Phloem and Xylem cell specialised
used transport substances in plants
Xylem cells are hollow
Phloem cells have few subcellular structures
stuff can now easily flow through them
What are the steps of mitosis
chromosomes line up at centre of cell- cell fibres pull them apart and the two arms of the chromosome is sent to opposite ends of the cell
membrane forms around each set of chromosome
cytoplasm and cell wall divide thus creating new cell
What is Diffusion
the process of particles spreading out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is Osmosis
The movement of water molecules moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport
the process in which particles are taken from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration but this process requires energy
