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repro > Histology of Female Repro. system > Flashcards

Histology of Female Repro. system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the ovary?

A
  • produce gametes

- produce steroids (estrogen and progesterone)

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2
Q

What does the medulla of the ovary contain?

A
  • loose connective tissue

- contorted arteries, veins and lymphatics—-continuous with HILUM of the organ

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3
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary contain?

A
  • scattered follicles in highly cellular STROMA

- outer shell: dense connective tissue (TUNICA ALBUGINEA)

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4
Q

What enters at the HILUM of the ovary?

A
  • helicine arteries enter from the broad ligament

- supply blood to the organ

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5
Q

What is the tunica albuginea covered by?

A

—-covered by germinal epithelium (single cuboidal layer)

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6
Q

When does oocytes form in the fetus?

A
  • ~6weeks
  • germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and undergo mitosis = oogonia
    > undergo meiosis to form oocytes
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7
Q

What is oogenesis?

A
  • development of the oocytes from oogonia
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8
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A
  • the growth of the FOLLICLE

- consistes of OOCYTE and associated support cells

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9
Q

How many germ cells at birth (combined)?

A
  • 500,000
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10
Q

How does the occytes keep decreasing with age?

A
  • by ATRESIA

- apoptosis -based process

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11
Q

When does meiosis halt in oocytes before birth? When may it further develop?

A
  • halts at Prophase I of meiosis I

- Completes Meiosis I when Ovulation occurs

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12
Q

When is fertilization complete?

A
  • in meiosis II
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13
Q

State the diff. stages of follicular development.

A 
PRIMORDIAL follicle 
>Primary Follicle
>Late Primary Follicle
> Secondary Follicle
> Mature GRAAFIAN follicle
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14
Q

What is a granulosa cell?

A
  • They surround the oocyte
  • proliferate during follicular maturation
  • only source of ESTRADIOL in follicular phase of ovarian cycle
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15
Q

What layers are seen in the Primordial cells?

A
  • Primary oocyte
  • Pregranulosa cells
  • stromal cells
    …..oocyte MUST associate with the pregranulosa cells to THRIVE
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16
Q

What layer is specifically seen with Primary follicles?

A
  • zona Granulosa
    (cuboidal granulosa cells)
  • develops in the growth phase of the follicle
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17
Q

What specific changes occur to the primary oocyte in the primary follicle?

A
  • –enlarges
  • special ECM layer forms= ZONA PELLUCIDA
  • between the oocyte and granulosa cells
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18
Q

What layers develop in the Late Primary follicle?

A
  • theca interna

- outer fibroblast-like layer; Theca EXterna forms

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19
Q

What does theca interna do?

A
  • secretes estrogen prescursors which will be converted to estrogen by GC
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20
Q

What follicular fluid- filled space forms in the secondary follicle?

A
  • ANTRUM
  • –continues to enlarge with the oocyte
  • theca ext. and int. continue to proliferate
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21
Q

What are the largest follicles called? How big?

A
  • Graafian Follicles

- 20mm in diameter

22
Q

What occurs to the graafian follicle one day before ovulation?

A
  • oocyte completes Meiosis I

- producing a similar in size IIary oocyte and polar body

23
Q

WHat does the IIary oocyte do?

A
  • it begins the second phase of MEIOSIS (stops at metaphase II)
24
Q

When does the oocyte complete its meiosis II?

A
  • when it has become a FULLY mature oocyte

- and ovulated and fertilized by a sperm

25
Q

What does the follicle become after ovulation?

A
  • Corpus Luteum

- —-with its theca and GC secreting estrogens and progesterones

26
Q

What occurs if no implantation happens?

A
  • corpus albicans forms (white connective tissue)
27
Q

What occurs to C.Luteum if implantation occurs?

A
  • placenta secretes HCG

- prevent degen. of C.L for a time (progesterone levels maintain)

28
Q

How does the uterine tube work to ensure to entry of the ovum into the tube?

A
  • infundibulum MOVES so its opening is ADJACENT to the site of rupture
  • ovum is propelled DOWN by gentle peristalsis (currents made by the ciliated epithelium)
29
Q

Where is the site of fertilization?

A
  • usually in the ampulla
30
Q

How is the uterine lining of the tube diff. at the Ampulla compared to the isthmus?

A
  • Ampulla: MORE ciliated cells, hihgly folded, surrounded by 2 layers of SM
  • Isthmus: simple archit. , mainly secretory (few ciliated cells), 3 layers of SM
31
Q

Name the 3 layers of the uterine wall.

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
32
Q

What is the endometrium made of?

A
  • tubular secretory GLANDS

- embedded in connective tissue STROMA

33
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the myometrium have?

A
  • 3 layers of SM

- combined with COLLAGEN and elastic tissue

34
Q

What is the perimetrium?

A
  • outer, visceral covering of loose connective tissue
35
Q

What is the endometrium divided into?

A
  • Stratum Functionalis

- Stratum Basalis

36
Q

Which layer undergoes degeneration and loss?

A
  • S. FUNCTIONALIS
37
Q

Which one is considered to be the RESERVE tissue and why?

A
  • S.BASALIS

- it regenerates the S. functionalis

38
Q

When does regeneration of the S. Functionalis occur and why?

A
  • during the PROLIFERATIVE phase
  • s. BASALIS grows (glands, stroma and vasculature grow)
  • increasing endometrium thickness
39
Q

Which hormone helps in stromal proliferation of S.functionalis ?

A

estrogen

40
Q

How do the glands change from proliferative to secretory phase?

A
  • glands become COILED (initially straight) in secretory phase
    (secrete glycogen)
41
Q

What happens in the menstruation phase for the S..Functionalis to shed?

A
  • arterioles in the S.F constrict
  • depriving the tissue of blood
    > >ISCHEMIA and tissue breakdown
    ——>tissue breakdown, blood leakage and sloughing
42
Q

How does the transition zone of the cervix come about?

A
  • the VAGINAL surface of the cervix: Stratified Squamous Epithelium
    »>mucous secreting SIMPLE COLUMNAR epithelium
43
Q

What is the clinical sign. of the transition zone of the cervix?

A
  • site of DYSPLASIA

- neoplastic changes> CERVICAL cancer

44
Q

What changes occurs in the secretions of the glands in the SCE of the cervix?

A

SC- simple columnar epithelium

  • THIN and WATERY secretions in PROLIFERATIVE phase
  • THICK and VISCOUS after ovulation (to stop microorganisms to ascend)
45
Q

What occurs with blockade of the glands in the SCE part of the CERVIX?

A
  • NABOTHIAN CYST
46
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Vagina?

A
  1. Non-keratinzed SSE (layer is thicker -d.t glycogen accumulation-during reproductive years)
  2. Lamina Propria (connect. tissue RICH in elastic fibres and thin-walled BV)
  3. Fibromuscular layer (inner circular, outer longitudinal)
  4. Adventitia
47
Q

What layer is responsible for lubricating the vagina?

A
  • cervical glands from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria
48
Q

How does commensal bacteria prevent pathogenic growth in the vagina?

A
  • the commensal bact. METABOLIZES the glycogen to LACTIC acid
49
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A
  • skin containing hair follicles
    overlies a subcutaneous fat pad
  • lies over the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
50
Q

What is the seen histologically in the Labia Majora?

A
  • similar structure to Mons pubis
  • rich in SWEAT Glands, sebaceous glands
  • small bundles of SMOOTH muscle
  • —no hair follicles in inner surface
51
Q

How is the labia minora diff. ?

A
  • lacks subc. fat and hair follicles
  • RICH in vasculature and sebaceous glands
    …the keratinzed epithelium extends into the opening of the VAGINA up to the HYMEN (transition to non-keratinzed SSE)
52
Q

WHat does the clitoris contain?

A
  • 2 tubules of erectile vascular tissue

- covered by FIBROCOLLAGENOUS sheath —-covered with skin rich with innervation and thin epidermis

repro (55 decks)

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