Early Pregnancy Complications Flashcards
What is meant by a “normal pregnancy”?
- embryo present, normal in Location in development
- Live birth
What is VERY common in early pregnancy?
- minimal bleeding
20%
What are abnormal pregnancy outcomes?
- Miscarriage (normal embryo)
- Ectopic Pregnancy (abnormal site of implantation)
- Molar pregnancy (abnormal embryo)
What may be other causes of bleeding?
- implantation bleeding
- chorionic hematoma
- cervical causes (INFECTION/POLYP/MALIGNANCY)
- vaginal causes (infection/malignancy- rare)
- unrelated: hematuria, PR bleeding
WHat other symptoms may a pregnant lady present with, if she’s bleeding in early pregnancy?
- Pain
- hyperemesis
- Dizzyness
What does a lady do if she experiences bleeding out of the ordinary?
- UK maternity units have a DEDICATED sub-department which is 24/7 via ER or GP
Symptoms of miscarriage?
- positive Urine preg. test
- varied gestation
- period-like CRAMPS
- scans help confirm a pregnancy in situ (+/- Fetal HR); in process of expulsion; empty uterus
What could be noted on speculum exam with miscarriage?
- Os closed?
- Products sited at open os?
- in vagina or os closing?
What is cervical shock?
- cramps
- Nausea/vomiting
- sweating
- fainting
- resolves if products are removed from cervix
How to manage cervical shock?
- resuscitation with IVI
- uterotonics maybe required
Infections that may result in miscarriage?
- CMV, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Listeriosis
Name an immunological and an embryonic abnormality which are may cause miscarriage?
- APS (LAC)
What are associations to miscarriage ?
- heavy smoking
- cocaine
- alcohol MISUSE
- uncontrolled diabetes
Can sever emotional upsets and stress cause miscarriage?
YES
Briefly outline the pathophysiology behinfdmiscarriage?
- bleeding from the placenta bed/chorion causing HYPOXIA and villous dysfunction
- —causes embryonic demise
