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REPRO > EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

wHAT is Gastrulation?

A
  • you get the 3 layers in (ecto-, meso- and endoderm) from the epiblast layer …replacing the hypoblast layer
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2
Q

What are the 3 groups of the mesoderm?

A

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral Plate

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3
Q

What is characterisitic of the cranial folding ?

A
  • bring heart field down to chest
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4
Q

Where does the UROGENITAL system develop from?

A

-intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

What is the metanephric system?

A
  • kidneys
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6
Q

What do these primordial germ cells form?

A

the gonads

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7
Q

Name the 2 genital ducts.

A
  • MESONEPHRIC DUCT (Wolfian)

- PARAMESONEPRHIC DUCT (Mullerian)

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8
Q

What ducts connect caudally?

A
  • paramesonephric ducts
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9
Q

The presence of what transcription factor determines the Male sexual development of the fetus?

A

SRY-tf

sex determining region of Y

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10
Q

What does the SRY- protein help do?

A
  • form sertoli cells
    -How? the somatic supprt cells hug PGC; exposure to SRY makes them into SERTOLI CELL
    responsible for testosterone
    > stimulate the formation of leydig cells
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11
Q

What does the anti-mullerian hormone do?

A
  • degenerates the Paramesonephric duct in men
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12
Q

Where do the female reproductive organs arise from?

A
  • paramesonephric duct
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13
Q

Where do the testes arise from?

A
  • from 10th thoracic

- pulled CAUDALLY by gubernaculum

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14
Q

When does sexual differentiation occur?

A
  • from week 7
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15
Q

Where do both the genital ducts connect to?

A
  • the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus
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16
Q

What gives rise to the primitive sex cords?

A
  • coelomic epithelium proliferate => GENITAL RIDGES
  • this proliferating epithelium will form SOMATIC support cells
    (envelops the PGC’s)
    ===>primitive sex cords
17
Q

What do the primitive sex cords consequently give rise to?

A
  • testis and medullary cords
18
Q

What is the other name of the paramesonephric duct ?

A

Mullerian duct

19
Q

Where do germ cells arise from and what do they form?

A
  • germ cells derive from the EPIBLAST cells

- devlops into SPERMS and EGGS

20
Q

What is KEY for gonadal development?

A
  • failure of germ cells to reach the gonadal ridges.
21
Q

What does the SRY gene code for?

A
  • testis determining factor

- —helps form Sertoli and Leydig cells

22
Q

What does the Leydig cells responsible for?

A
  • release of testosterone > Male development

- medullary cords also form

23
Q

As a result of no SRY gene present, what occurs to the female reproductive system?

A
  • medullary cords “regress”

- cortical cords develop and form CLUSTERS and SURROUND to form the germ cells

24
Q

What are do the genital ducts develop in to?

A
  • In Males, the Mesonephric (WOLFFIAN) ducts form the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and ejacutlatory ducts
  • In Females, the Mullerian ducts (Paramesonephric ducts) form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina
25
Q

How to stop the development of the female reproductive system?

A
  • Sertoli cells release MIF (suppresses the develop. of the paramesonephric ducts)
  • —-in males, the remnant is the Appendix Testis
26
Q

What is released by a particular cell to drive the development of the mesonephric ducts?

A
  • Androgens by the Leydig cells
27
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A
  • glands behind the bladder
  • secretes 75% of fluid into semen
  • connects with the ejaculatory ducts
28
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

A
  • collect sperm and fluid from the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle
    > pass through the PROSTATE
    >urethra
29
Q

What is a Wolffian remanant in Females?

A

Gartner’s duct

- found on vaginal walls (may form cysts)

30
Q

Some of the internal genitalia come from the genital ducts. What is another derivative of internal genitalia?

A
  • Urogenital Sinus…comes from the CLOACA
31
Q

What does the UROGENITAL sinus give rise to in males ?

A

Bladder, Prostate, prostatic urethra and penile urethra

32
Q

And does the urogential sinus give rise to females?

A
  • bladder, inferior 1/3rd of the vagina, connects with the paramesonephric ducts
33
Q

How does the uterus form?

A
  • by fusion of the left and the right Mullerian ducts
34
Q

What is the most COMMON type of uterine anomaly?

A

LATERAL fusion defects and septat uterus

35
Q

What do uterine anomalies result in?

A

-n pregnancy LOSS and infertility

36
Q

What is septate uterus?

What is the RX?

A
  • an anomaly where a septum divides the uterus in to 2 uterine cavities (should have been resorbed after Mullerrian duct fusion.
  • Septoplasty

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