Anatomy & Histology of Breast Flashcards
What is the structure of the secretory tissue of the breast ?
- made up of 15-25 lobes
- each contains tubulo-acinar gland which drains via ducts to nipple
How is the fibrous tissue and adipose tissue related to the secretory tissue of a non-lactating breast?
- adjacent to the secretory lobules is DENSE fibrous tissue
- this is in turn surrounded by adipose tissue
What are the suspensory ligaments?
large condensations that extend from the dermis of the skin to the DEEP fascia overlying the muscle of the chest
–supports the breast
Describe the terminal duct lobular unit. (TDLU)
- terminal ductules that lead into an INTRALOBULAR collecting duct >lactiferous duct for that lobe> NIPPLE
What is the TDLU?
- basic functional secretory unit
What does the loose connective tissue of the breast allow?
proliferation of the breast tissue
What does the breast acini consist of?
- secretory, epithelial cells
- surrounded by myoepithelial cells
Role of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the secretory cells?
contractile properties allows EJECTION of breast milk
What are the larger ducts (lactiferous ducts lined by)?
stratified cuboidal/ squamous
What form of glands are the mammary glands likened to ?
- sweat glands
What is the nipple covered by?
- thin
- highly pigmented
- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
How does the lining of the ducts change as one goes deeper ?
- duct approaching the surface= stratified SQUAMOUS epithelium
- deeper= stratified cuboidal epithelium
What form of glands are found directly on the surface of the skin?
- sebaceous glands
What changes of the breast tissue occur during the LUTEAL phase (after ovulation)?
- increase in HEIGHT of epithelial cells
- lumina enlarges
- small amounts of secretions appear in ducts
What breast tissue changes are seen in the first trimester?
- elongation and branching of SMALLER ducts
- prolif. of epithelial and myoepithelial cells
Changes seen in the 2nd trimester?
- differentiation of secretory alveoli
- plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate nearby connective tissue
Changes seen in the 3rd trimester.
- SECRETORY alveoli continue to mature
- extensive rER develop
- all in all: reduction in connective tissue and adipose tissue
What stimulates the proli. of secretory tissue?
- estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy
What do the plasma cells produce?
IgA
- for it to be released in to the colostrum
How are lipid droplets secreted (for it to be incorporated in the milk) ?
- APOCRINE secretion
- –the droplets are surrounded by membrane and a small amount of cytoplasm
How are the proteins released?
- after being produced by the rER
- — secreted via VESICLES (which merge with the APICAL membrane; releasing only their CONTENTS in to the duct system
- by MEROCRINE secretion aka exocytosis
How does the breast tissue appear in MENOPAUSE?
- secretory cells degenrate
- fewer fibroblasts in connective tissue
- less collagen and elastic fibres
iMMEDIATE MANAGEMENT for migraine include?
- offer simple analgesia
- offer triptans ALONE or with PCM (or another NSAID)
- —sumatriptan is FIRST line - offer anti-emetic even in the absence of N &V
