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REPRO > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is located in the perineum?

A 
Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
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2
Q

What is located in the female pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina

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3
Q

What is the primary female reproductive organ?

A
  • ovaries

rest are accessory organs

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4
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A
  • thin serous membrane layer
  • covers the internal aspect of the
  • —-parietal peritoneum: in contact with the body wall
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5
Q

most important pouch of the female

A
  • recto-uterine pouch
    (aka Pouch of Douglas)
    —–when upright; excess of abnormal fluid will collect in the pouch of douglas
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6
Q

How to drain fluid from the pouch of Douglas?

A

-inserting a needle in thhrough the posterior fornix of the vagina

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7
Q

What is the pouch in the males called?

A
  • recto-vesicle pouch
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8
Q

Which part of the female reproductive system is intra-peritoneal?

A
  • the uterine tubes
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9
Q

What part of the peritoneum forms the floor of the peritoneal cavity and ROOF over the pelvic organs?

A
  • inferior part of the parietal peritoneum
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10
Q

What is the extent of the broad ligament?

A
  • extends to the lateral walls of the uterus to the lateral walls of the body wall
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11
Q

What is the round ligament said to be a part of?

A
  • embryonic remnant of the Gubernaculum

- thought to guide the ovaries from the posterior abdominal wall to down in to the pelvis.

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12
Q

What is the role of the broad ligament?

A
  • maintain the uterus in its correct MIDLINE position
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13
Q

What is the course of the round ligament?

A
  • round ligament attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus> passes through the DEEP inguinal RING to attach to the SUPERFICIAL tissue of the female perineum.
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14
Q

WHat are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium (shed during menses)
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15
Q

What does the broad ligament contain?

A
  • the uterine tubes

- round ligament

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16
Q

What are the 3 levels of uterine support?

A
  • CERVIX UP TO SACRUM: uterosacral ligaments
  • endopelvic fascia
  • muscle of the pelvic floor
    ….WEAKNESS of these > uterine prolapse
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17
Q

Passive support of the uterus?

A
  • bladder
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18
Q

Most is meant by anteverted?

A

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

19
Q

WHat is meant by anteflexed?

A

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)

20
Q

What is meant by retroverted or retroflexed uterus?

A

Retroverted
cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Retroflexed
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

21
Q

What zone is sampled with the cervical smearing?

A
  • the squamo-columnar junction (transformation zone)
22
Q

Site of fertilization?

A
  • ampulla of the fallopian tube
23
Q

What is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy?

A

removal of BOTH uterine tube and ovaries

24
Q

How may an infection in a peritoneum enter the urogenital tract?

A
  • the fimbirated end of the uterine tubes opens into the PERITONEAL cavity
  • —–why PID can cause peritonitis
  • —why ectopic pregnancy can develop in the peritoneal cavity
25
Q

What is the ovarian fossae?

A
  • where the ovaries sit
26
Q

Role of ovaries?

A
  • secretion of estrogen and progesterone in response to FSH and LH
27
Q

Where is the ovum released into ?

A
  • the peritoneal cavity

- –to be picked up by the fimbriae of the uterine tube

28
Q

Where is the lateral fornices?

A
  • superior aspect of the vagina

- near the cervix

29
Q

Clinical sign. of the lateral fornices?

A
  • palpation of the adnexae (tumor/mass/tenderness)
30
Q

What is the perineum subdivided into?

A
  • urogenital triangle

- anal triangle

31
Q

Most of the pelvic floor is formed by which muscle ?

A
  • levator any muscle (a skeletal muscle )
32
Q

What is the action of the levator ani muscle?

A
  • always tonically contracting
  • —-medial aspect of the levator ani m. is thought to be under smooth muscle control
  • reflexively contracts during situations of INCREASED abdom. pressure
33
Q

What supplies the levator ani muscle?

A
  • S3, 4, 5

- pudenal nerve (keeps the 3 Ps off the floor)

34
Q

Main perineal nerve?

A

Pudendal nerve

35
Q

What is a HIGHLY important structure of the perineum?

A
  • PERINEAL BODY

- responsible for the integrity of the pelvic floor

36
Q

What is the perineal body?

A
  • bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
37
Q

What is the male contemptorary of the bartholin glands?

A

Kupfer’s glands????

38
Q

A painful swelling of the posterior aspect of the labia?

A
  • enlarged bartholin glands
39
Q

What is the extent of the breast tissue?

A
  • rib 2 > rib 6

- –extends around the LATERAL border of the the sternum to the Mid-axillary line (axillary breast tissue)

40
Q

What doe sthe retromammary space allow?

A
  • allows the breast tissue to move relative to pectoralis major muscle
41
Q

Where are the retromammary space located?

A
  • between the fascia and breast
42
Q

Why may a lump become “fixed”?

A
  • sign of an invasive lump
  • grown into the pectoral fascia
  • —-can tell by asking the patient to place her hands firmly on her hips
43
Q

Describe the drainage of breast lymph?

A

INNER breast quadrants lymh drain in to the Parasternal LN> supraclavicular Ln or may cross over to the

—lower inner quadranrt —can spread to the abdominal LN s

44
Q

Describe the blood supply of the breasts.

A
  • internal thoracic artery
  • —-ribs 2-4 intercostal arteries supplies the lateral aspect of the breast

—-lateral thoracic vein and

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