Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is located in the perineum?
Inferior part of vagina Perineal muscles Bartholin's glands Clitoris Labia
What is located in the female pelvic cavity?
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina
What is the primary female reproductive organ?
- ovaries
rest are accessory organs
What is the peritoneum?
- thin serous membrane layer
- covers the internal aspect of the
- —-parietal peritoneum: in contact with the body wall
most important pouch of the female
- recto-uterine pouch
(aka Pouch of Douglas)
—–when upright; excess of abnormal fluid will collect in the pouch of douglas
How to drain fluid from the pouch of Douglas?
-inserting a needle in thhrough the posterior fornix of the vagina
What is the pouch in the males called?
- recto-vesicle pouch
Which part of the female reproductive system is intra-peritoneal?
- the uterine tubes
What part of the peritoneum forms the floor of the peritoneal cavity and ROOF over the pelvic organs?
- inferior part of the parietal peritoneum
What is the extent of the broad ligament?
- extends to the lateral walls of the uterus to the lateral walls of the body wall
What is the round ligament said to be a part of?
- embryonic remnant of the Gubernaculum
- thought to guide the ovaries from the posterior abdominal wall to down in to the pelvis.
What is the role of the broad ligament?
- maintain the uterus in its correct MIDLINE position
What is the course of the round ligament?
- round ligament attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus> passes through the DEEP inguinal RING to attach to the SUPERFICIAL tissue of the female perineum.
WHat are the 3 layers of the uterus?
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium (shed during menses)
What does the broad ligament contain?
- the uterine tubes
- round ligament
What are the 3 levels of uterine support?
- CERVIX UP TO SACRUM: uterosacral ligaments
- endopelvic fascia
- muscle of the pelvic floor
….WEAKNESS of these > uterine prolapse
Passive support of the uterus?
- bladder
Most is meant by anteverted?
cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
WHat is meant by anteflexed?
uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix (the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)
What is meant by retroverted or retroflexed uterus?
Retroverted
cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
Retroflexed
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
What zone is sampled with the cervical smearing?
- the squamo-columnar junction (transformation zone)
Site of fertilization?
- ampulla of the fallopian tube
What is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy?
removal of BOTH uterine tube and ovaries
How may an infection in a peritoneum enter the urogenital tract?
- the fimbirated end of the uterine tubes opens into the PERITONEAL cavity
- —–why PID can cause peritonitis
- —why ectopic pregnancy can develop in the peritoneal cavity
What is the ovarian fossae?
- where the ovaries sit
Role of ovaries?
- secretion of estrogen and progesterone in response to FSH and LH
Where is the ovum released into ?
- the peritoneal cavity
- –to be picked up by the fimbriae of the uterine tube
Where is the lateral fornices?
- superior aspect of the vagina
- near the cervix
Clinical sign. of the lateral fornices?
- palpation of the adnexae (tumor/mass/tenderness)
What is the perineum subdivided into?
- urogenital triangle
- anal triangle
Most of the pelvic floor is formed by which muscle ?
- levator any muscle (a skeletal muscle )
What is the action of the levator ani muscle?
- always tonically contracting
- —-medial aspect of the levator ani m. is thought to be under smooth muscle control
- reflexively contracts during situations of INCREASED abdom. pressure
What supplies the levator ani muscle?
- S3, 4, 5
- pudenal nerve (keeps the 3 Ps off the floor)
Main perineal nerve?
Pudendal nerve
What is a HIGHLY important structure of the perineum?
- PERINEAL BODY
- responsible for the integrity of the pelvic floor
What is the perineal body?
- bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
What is the male contemptorary of the bartholin glands?
Kupfer’s glands????
A painful swelling of the posterior aspect of the labia?
- enlarged bartholin glands
What is the extent of the breast tissue?
- rib 2 > rib 6
- –extends around the LATERAL border of the the sternum to the Mid-axillary line (axillary breast tissue)
What doe sthe retromammary space allow?
- allows the breast tissue to move relative to pectoralis major muscle
Where are the retromammary space located?
- between the fascia and breast
Why may a lump become “fixed”?
- sign of an invasive lump
- grown into the pectoral fascia
- —-can tell by asking the patient to place her hands firmly on her hips
Describe the drainage of breast lymph?
INNER breast quadrants lymh drain in to the Parasternal LN> supraclavicular Ln or may cross over to the
—lower inner quadranrt —can spread to the abdominal LN s
Describe the blood supply of the breasts.
- internal thoracic artery
- —-ribs 2-4 intercostal arteries supplies the lateral aspect of the breast
—-lateral thoracic vein and
