Hip dysplasia

Question 1

Define

Answer 1

> Hip socket doesn’t fully cover the femoral head (making partial/full dislocation likely)
Cartilage of acetabulum forms around the femoral head during development
- if ball isn’t deep enough in socket = shallower formation and less stable joint
- final month of pregnancy where space = crowded - may force ball out of socket
- higher chance of this if breach birth or if have foot deformity

Question 2

Symptoms

Answer 2

> Leg length discrepancy
limp
1 leg = less flexible (may notice when changing nappy)
may not show symptoms until teenager - where labrum/cartilage damage has developed

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

> Genetic

> Females

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

> X-ray using counter-edge angle (less than 20 degrees is dysplasia and less than 16 degrees = almost guaranteed OA in later life)

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

> Brace (pavlik harness)
> cast 
> Surgery 
- refit socket 
- replacement if older