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Anatomy > Hindgut > Flashcards

Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

What allows for expansion of the stomach?

A

Rugae

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2
Q

What is the name for the collection of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibres along the wall of the LI?

A

Teniae coli

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm & change from thoracic to abdominal?

A

T12

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4
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries?

A

L4

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5
Q

What vessel does the right gondonal vein most commonly drain to?

A

Inferior vena cava

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6
Q

At what vertebral level does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

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7
Q

What autonomic plexus is responsible for providing innervation to the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric plexus

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8
Q

Which nerves carry the pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibres to the stomach?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves

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9
Q

Which nerve carries pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Specialised cell junction between 2 neurons neurotransmitters released across

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11
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies & a site for synapsis

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12
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Bundle of intersecting & interlacing nerves often from different vertebral levels

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13
Q

What does autonomic mean?

A

-Means - involuntary/unconscious
-Autonomic NS controls body’s involuntary processes & responds to information about its int env

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14
Q

What does somatic mean?

A

-Means ‘relating to the body’.
-Somatic NS controls voluntary muscular movement & responds to information about its ext env

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15
Q

What does sympathetic mean?

A

Branch of nervous system controlling the fight or flight response

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16
Q

What does parasympathetic mean?

A

Branch of nervous system controlling the rest and digest response

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17
Q

What does splanchnic mean?

A

-Greek word means - relating to viscera - but is also a class of autonomic nerves
-These nerves do not synapse in the typical site - instead synapse in prevertebral ganglia

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18
Q

What vertebral level does IMA start at?

A

L3

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19
Q

What is the name of the turn of the trans colon –> desc colon?

A

Splenic flexure (or left colic flexure)

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20
Q

What is the name of the turn of the asc colon –> trans colon?

A

Hepatic flexure (or right flexure)

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21
Q

Where does lymph from colon drain?

A

-Asc & trans = superior mesenteric nodes
-Desc & sig = inferior mesenteric nodes
–> most lymph from both of these drain to intestinal lymph trunks –> cisterna chyli –> empties into thoracic duct

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22
Q

What are paracolic gutters?

A

2 spaces between asc, desc colon & posterolateral abd wall

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23
Q

Role of paracolic gutters?

A

So material released by inflamed/infected organs accumulates elsewhere in abdomen

24
Q

What parts of colon are retroperitoneal?

A

-Ascending
-Descending

25
Q

What parts of colon are intraperitoneal?

A

-Transverse
-Sigmoid

26
Q

What parts of colon have mesentery & what is it called?

A

-Transverse = transverse mesocolon
-Sigmoid = sigmoidal mesocolon

27
Q

What does it mean for the asc & desc colon if they are retroperitoneal?

A

Are pushed posteriorly - limits their mobility (essentially strapped to post abd wall)

28
Q

What does it mean for the trans & sig colon if they are intraperitoneal?

A

-Can move
-Have mesocolons
–> peritoneal over most of surface but pinches off down to post wall

29
Q

What vertebral level does the rectum start at?

A

S3

30
Q

Is the rectum intra or retro - peritoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal - ONLY PARTLY!

31
Q

What is another term for anal canal?

A

Anus

32
Q

What is the internal structure of the rectum to the anal canal?

A

-Mucosa of anal canal has longitudinal folds = anal columns
–> forms pectinate line (which marks a transition in epithelium)

33
Q

What is the transition in epithelium
from rectum to anal canal?

A

-Rectum = simple columnar
-Anal canal (above pectinate line) = simple columnar
-Anal canal (below pectinate line) = stratified squamous non-keratinised
-External anus = stratified squamous keratinised (true skin)

34
Q

What does the pectinate line demark?

A

A change in blood & nerve supply

35
Q

Is adventitia for intra/retro - peritoneal organs?

A

Retroperitoneal

36
Q

Is serosa for intra/retro - peritoneal organs?

A

Intraperitoneal

37
Q

Does anus have serosa or adventitia?

A

Adventitia - as no peritonum for the most part

38
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

A

-Drains via pararectal LNs –> drains to inf mes nodes
-BUT lymph @ lower part of rectum = drains directly to internal iliac LNs

39
Q

What is the pelvic brim?

A

Edge of pelvic inlet

40
Q

Label.

A
41
Q

Which label indicates the middle rectal vein?

A

D

42
Q

Label.

A
43
Q

Label.

A
44
Q

Which label indicates the pectinate line?

A

G

45
Q

Describe features above & below pectinate line.

A
46
Q

Which label indicates the internal rectal venous plexus?

A

A

47
Q

This is a posterior view of the rectum and its blood supply; which label indicates the left inferior rectal artery?

A

E

48
Q

Which label indicates the external anal sphincter?

A

B

49
Q

Which label indicates the superior rectal vein?

A

E

50
Q

Which label indicates the white line (of Hilton) or the anocutaneous white line?

A

F

51
Q

Which label indicates the external rectal venous plexus?

A

B

52
Q

This is a posterior view of the rectum and its blood supply; which label indicates the right middle rectal artery?

A

C

53
Q

Which label indicates the internal anal sphincter?

A

H

54
Q

Where does lymph drain to from the SI?

A

-Pancreatoduodenal LNs = duodenum
-Superior mesenteric LNs = duodenum, jejunum, ileum

55
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the jejunum & ileum.

A

SMA = moves between layers of mesentery - splits into ~ 20 branches —> which anastomose forming arcades (loops) —> which vasa recta (long straight arteries) arise from

Anatomy (21 decks)

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