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Anatomy > External Brain > Flashcards

External Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

= Endothelium lined spaces between periosteal & meningeal layers of dura mater
-Large veins from surface of brain empty into these sinuses
-Most blood from brain drains through these sinuses into internal jugular vein
-NO valves in lumens of these vessels

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2
Q

Label.

A
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3
Q

Name the order/pathway of dural venous sinuses.

A

Superficial veins
1. Superior sagittal sinus
2. Transverse sinus (L & R)
3. Sigmoid sinus (L & R)
4. Internal jugular veins (L & R)

OR

Deep veins
1. Inferior sagittal sinus
2. Straight sinus
3. Transverse sinus (L & R)
4. Sigmoid sinus (L & R)
5. Internal jugular veins (L & R)

OR

  1. Occipital sinus
  2. Transverse sinus (L & R)
  3. Sigmoid sinus (L & R)
  4. Internal jugular veins (L & R)

OR

  1. Cavernous sinus
  2. Superior petrosal sinus -> 3. Transverse sinus (L & R) -> 4. Sigmoid sinus (L & R) -> 5. Internal jugular veins (L & R)
    or
  3. Inferior petrosal sinus -> 3. Sigmoid sinus (L & R) -> 4. Internal jugular veins (L & R)
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4
Q

What 3 sinuses make up the confluence of sinuses.

A

-Superior sagittal sinus
-Straight sinus
-Occipital sinus

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5
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

Receives blood from ophthalmic veins

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6
Q

What dural reflection does the superior sagittal sinus run along?

A

Along superior edge of falx cerebri

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7
Q

Name all of the dural reflections.

A

-Falx cerebri
-Falx cerebelli
-Tentorium cerebelli
-Diaphragm sellae

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8
Q

What does falx cerebri divide?

A

The 2 cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

What does falx cerebelli divide?

A

The 2 cerebellar hemispheres

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10
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli divide.

A

The cerebral occipital lobe & cerebellum

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11
Q

What does the diaphragm sellae cover?

A

Covers pituitary fossa & underlying pituitary gland

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12
Q

Name the 3 bones of the calvarium/cranial roof.

A

-Frontal
-Parietal
-Occipital

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13
Q

Name the 6 bones of the cranial base.

A

-Frontal
-Sphenoid
-Temporal
-Parietal
-Occipital
-Ethmoid

–> These bones articulate with the 1st cervical vertebra (atlas), the facial bones, & the mandible (jaw)

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14
Q

Label the bones of the cranial base.

A
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15
Q

Name the bones of the facial skeleton.

A

-Zygomatic - x2 – forms cheek bones, articulates with frontal, sphenoid, temporal & maxilla bones
-Lacrimal - x2 – form part of medial wall of orbit
-Nasal - x2 - on bridge of nose
-Inferior nasal conchae - x2 – in nasal cavity, inc. SA of nasal cavity = inc. inspired air that can come into contact with cavity walls
-Palatine - x2 – at rear of oral cavity, forms part of hard palate
-Maxilla - x2 – makes up part of upper jaw & hard palate
-Vomer – forms post. aspect of nasal septum
-Mandible (jaw) – articulates with base of cranium at temporomandibular joint

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16
Q

Label the bones of the facial skeleton.

A
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17
Q

What are sutures?

A

= Fibrous joint only of skull
-Immovable
-Fuse fully around age 20
-Points of potential weakness in the skull = important for trauma

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18
Q

Name the 3 main sutures.

A

-Coronal suture – fuses frontal bone & 2 parietal bones
-Sagittal suture – fuses 2 parietal bones to each other
-Lambdoid suture – fuses occipital bone to 2 parietal bones

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19
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Membranous gaps between bones of skull - due to incompletely fused sutures
–> are in neonates

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20
Q

Name the 2 main fontanelles.

A

-Frontal fontanelle – at junction of coronal & sagittal sutures
-Occipital fontanelle – at junction of sagittal & lambdoid sutures

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21
Q

Label the sutures & fontanelles.

A
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22
Q

What is the pterion?

A

-Where the 4 bones articulate
-Site of structural weakness & in middle meningeal artery course along the internal surface of this region

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23
Q

Name the components of the occipital bone of skull.

A

-External surface = external occipital protuberance
-Internal surface = imprints from dural venous sinuses

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24
Q

Name the components of the temporal bones of the skull.

A

-Petrous portion
-Squamous portion
-Mastoid process
-External acoustic meatus
-Styloid process

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25
Q

Name the components of the sphenoid bone of the skull.

A

-Lesser wing
-Greater wing
-Clivus
-Sella turcica
-Pterygoid plates

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26
Q

Name the components of the ethmoid bone of the skull.

A

-Cribriform plate
-Superior & middle nasal conchae

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27
Q

Label these bones.

A
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28
Q

Label.

A
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29
Q

Label.

A
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30
Q

Label.

A
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31
Q

Label.

A
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32
Q

What does CNI pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Cribriform plate (of ethmoid bone)

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33
Q

What is CNI?

A

Olfactory nerve

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34
Q

What does CNII pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Optic canal

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35
Q

What is CNII?

A

Optic nerve

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36
Q

What does CNIII pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Supraorbital fissure

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37
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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38
Q

What does CNIV pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Supraorbital fissure

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39
Q

What is CNIV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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40
Q

What is CNV?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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41
Q

What are the 3 branches of CNV?

A

-CN V1 = ophthalmic nerve
-CN V2 = maxillary nerve
-CN V3 = mandibular nerve

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42
Q

What does CN V1 pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Supraorbital fissure

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43
Q

What does CN V2 pass through in skull?

A

Foramen rotundum

44
Q

What does CN V3 pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Foramen ovale

45
Q

What does CNVI pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Supraorbital fissure

46
Q

What is CNVI?

A

Abducens nerve

47
Q

What does CNVII pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

48
Q

What is CNVII?

A

Facial nerve

49
Q

What does CNVIII pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

50
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

51
Q

What does CNIX pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Jugular foramen

52
Q

What is CNIX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

What does CNX pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Jugular foramen

54
Q

What is CNX?

A

Vagus nerve

55
Q

What does CNXI pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Jugular foramen

56
Q

What is CNXI?

A

Accessory nerve

57
Q

What does CNXII pass through in skull - what transmits it?

A

Hypoglossal canal

58
Q

What is CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

59
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery pass though in skull - what transmits it?

A

Foramen spinosum

60
Q

Does the foramen lacerum transmit any structures?

A

NO!
–> but may be associated with internal carotid artery - which travels through carotid canal & then over foramen lacerum as it courses anteriorly

61
Q

Label with the regions of the skull which transmit the cranial nerves.

A
62
Q

Mnemonic to remember the cranial nerves in order.

A
63
Q

Mnemonic to remember which cranial nerves are sensory, motor or both (mixed).

A
64
Q

Label this arterial supply to the brain & brain stem.

A
65
Q

What are the 2 pairs of arteries that feed into the anastomotic network - the Circle of Willis?

A

-The vertebral arteries (x2)
-The internal carotid arteries (x2)

66
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

From the L & R subclavian arteries

67
Q

What do the vertebral arteries ascend through in which type of vertebrae?

A

Ascend through the transverse foramina of
the cervical vertebrae

68
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

69
Q

Which arteries supply the BRAIN?

A

-Internal carotid arteries
-Basilar artery
-Vertebral arteries

70
Q

Which arteries supply the CEREBELLUM?

A

-Superior cerebellar arteries
-Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
-Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

71
Q

Which arteries supply the CEREBRUM?

A

-Anterior cerebral arteries = ACA
-Middle cerebral arteries = MCA
-Posterior cerebral arteries = PCA

72
Q

What arteries make up the Circle of Willis?

A

-x1 anterior communicating artery
-x2 posterior communicating arteries

73
Q

Which regions of the brain do the ACA, MCA & PCA supply?

A
74
Q

Where is the ACA?

A
75
Q

Where is the MCA?

A
76
Q

Where is the PCA?

A
77
Q

Show by drawing a topographic map of the MOTOR & SENSORY CORTEX (including which regions of the body these regions will act on) - in terms of which regions are supplied by the ACA, MCA & PCA.

A
78
Q

Which label indicates the pituitary fossa?

A

F

(as C = foramen spinosum)

79
Q

Which label indicates the jugular foramen?

A

G

80
Q

Which label indicates the thalamus?

A

C

81
Q

Which label indicates the left vertebral artery?

A

C

82
Q

Which label indicates the anterior communicating artery?

A

E

83
Q

Which label indicates the superior sagittal sinus?

A

C

84
Q

Which label indicates the zygomatic bone?

A

E

85
Q

Which label indicates the pterion?

A

A
= region where frontal, parietal, temporal, & sphenoid bones join together - is located on side of skull - just behind temple

86
Q

Which label indicates the primary visual cortex?

A

F

87
Q

Which label indicates the left sphenoid bone (greater wing)?

A

D

88
Q

Which label indicates the lamboid suture?

A

E

89
Q

Which label indicates Wernicke’s area for language comprehension?

A

E

90
Q

Which label indicates the foramen ovale?

A

D

91
Q

Which label indicates the parietal bone?

A

B

92
Q

Which label indicates the cingulate gyrus?

A

A

93
Q

Which label indicates the left internal carotid artery?

A

B

94
Q

Which label indicates the posterior communicating artery?

A

D

95
Q

Which label indicates the confluence of sinuses?

A

F

96
Q

Which label indicates the maxilla?

A

G

97
Q

Which label indicates the occipital bone?

A

F

98
Q

Which label indicates the primary auditory cortex?

A

G

99
Q

Which label indicates the foramen lacerum?

A

G

100
Q

Which label indicates the foramen magnum?

A

D

101
Q

Which label indicates the superior colliculus?

A

D

(As A = cingulate gyrus)

102
Q

Which label indicates the right anterior cerebral artery?

A

G

103
Q

Which label indicates the (left) anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

B

(As A = (left) superior cerebella artery)

104
Q

Which label indicates the sigmoid sinus?

A

B

105
Q

Which label indicates site of the primary sensory cortex?

A

C

(As A = pre-central gyrus - a prominent gyrus in frontal lobe - anterior to the central sulcus –> it is the site of the primary motor cortex!)

106
Q

Which label indicates the right middle cerebral artery?

A

F

107
Q

Which label indicates the transverse sinus?

A

G

Anatomy (21 decks)

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