Bones & Joints Flashcards by Olivia Smith | Brainscape

Q

Label the 4 components of the ilium.

A

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Q

Label the 1 component of the ischium.

A

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Q

Label the 4 components of the pubic bone.

A

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Q

Label the 3 components of the sacrum.

A

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Q

Label where the coccyx is.

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Q

Label where the obturator foramen is.

A

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Q

Label the 6 components of the ilium.

A

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Q

Label the 3 components of the ischium.

A

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Q

Label where the pubic bone is.

A

In pink

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Q

Label the 3 bones here.

A

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Q

Label where the acetabulum is.

A

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Q

Label where the head of the femur is.

A

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Q

Labe l where the neck of the femur is.

A

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Q

Label where the greater trochanter of the femur is.

A

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Q

Label where the lesser trochanter of the femur is.

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Q

Label where the intertrochanteric line (anterior) of the femur is.

A

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Q

Label where the intertrochanteric crest (posterior) of the femur is.

A

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Q

Label where the linea aspera of the femur is.

A

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Q

Label the 4 components of the femur.

A

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Q

Label the 5 components of the proximal tibia.

A

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Q

Label the head & neck of the proximal fibula.

A

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Q

Label the patella.

A

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Q

Label the intercondylar fossa of the femur.

A

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Q

What 3 bones is the pelvis made up of.

A

-Ilium
-Ischium
-Pubis (= on ant. side @ base - use to orientate self with the front/ant side of pelvis) - pubic hair grows above this bone

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Q

Which bone is attached to the pelvis but is NOT actually part of the pelvis?

A

Sacrum

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Q

What is this?

A

Acetabulum

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Q

Other words for acetabulum?

A

–> means ‘vinegar cup’
-Hip socket

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Q

What articulates with/sits in the acetabulum?

A

Femur

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Q

What is the acetabulum made up of?

A

Fusion of 3 bones - i.e., the 3 bones making up the pelvis:
-Ilium
-Ischium
-Pubis

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Q

What happens to the acetabulum fusion points as you age?

A

-At birth = hyaline cartilage fuses these bones
-As get older = becomes fibrous connections

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Q

Name the 8 bony landmarks of the hips.

A

-Greater sciatic notch
-Lesser sciatic notch
-Ischial spine
-Obturator foramen
-Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
-Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
-Ischial tuberosity
-Pubic symphysis

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Q

What 3 bony landmarks of the hips are these?

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

A

(ASIS)

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

A

(AIIS)

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

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Q

What bony landmark of the hip is this?

A

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Q

Label the bones osteological landmarks on the diagram.

A

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Q

What type of cartilage joins the 3 pelvic bones at birth?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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Q

Label.

A

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Q

Label.

A

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Q

What bone articulates with the acetabulum?

A

Femur

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Q

Name ligaments A & B.

A

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Q

What are the names of the greater sciatic notch & the lesser sciatic notch when they are associated with ligaments?

A

-Greater sciatic notch = greater sciatic foramen
-Lesser sciatic notch = lesser sciatic foramen

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Q

What is the name of what covers the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator membrane

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Q

Label this pelvis.

A

Q

What muscle group arises from point 1?

A

Hamstrings (post. compartment)

Q

What muscle has an attachment at point 2?

A

Sartorius

Q

What nerve exits through point 3?

A

Obturator nerve

Q

What muscle arises from point 4?

A

Rectus femoris

Q

Name the 3 superior gluteal muscles.

A

-Gluteus maximus
-Gluteus medius
-Tensor of fascia lata

Q

Name the 6 deep gluteal muscles.

A

-Gluteus minimus
-Piriformis
-Superior gemellus
-Obturator internus
-Inferior gemellus
-Quadratus femoris

Q

What nerve innervates gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Q

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
-Tensor of fascia lata

Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis muscle?

A

Nerve to piriformis

Q

What nerve innervates gamellus superior & obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

Q

What nerve innervates gamellus inferior & quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Q

Function of gluteus maximus?

A

-Hip extensor - extends flexed femur @hip joint –> so can stand up from sitting down
-Laterally stabilises hip joint & knee joint
-Laterally rotates & abducts thigh

Q

Function of gluteus medius & minimus?

A

-Abducts femur @ hip joint
-Holds pelvis secure over stance leg - contraction of both = pulls ilium on same side of stance foot = raises pelvis on opposite side
***–> this prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side as walk
-Medially rotates thigh

Q

Function of tensor of fascia lata?

A

Stabilises knee when extended

Q

Function of:
-Piriformis
-Obturator internus
-Gamellus superior
-Gamellus inferior

A

-Laterally rotates extended femur @ hip joint
-Abducts flexed femur @ hip joint

Q

Function of quadratus femoris?

A

Laterally rotates femur @ hip joint

Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial tract OF fascia lata & gluteal tuberosity of femur

Q

Insertion of gluteus medius & minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur
-Medius = elongate facet on lat. surface
-Minimus = linear facet on antlat. aspect

Q

Insertion of tensor of fascia lata?

A

Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Q

Insertion of piriformis muscle?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

Q

Insertion of obturator internus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

Q

Insertion of gamellus superior?

A

Along obturator internus tendon (sup surface) - into greater trochanter of femur w/ obturator internus tendon

Q

Insertion of gamellus inferior?

A

Along obturator internus tendon (inf surface) - into greater trochanter of femur w/ obturator internus tendon

Q

Insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

Intertrochanteric crest of femur

Q

Label.

A

Q

Label.

A

Q

Label.

A

Q

Label.

A

Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial - hinge joint (hinge = sub-type of synovial)

Q

What is found at a synovial joint?

A

-Articular cartilage
-Bursa
-Synovial fluid

Q

Purpose of articular cartilage?

A

Protection

Q

What are bursa - & what is their role?

A

= sacs - filled with synovial fluid
–> reduce friction between bones @ joint - by lubricating (w/ synovial fluid)

Q

Function of synovial fluid?

A

-Lubrication
-Nutrition (as cartilage = avascular - nutrients diffuse from synovial fluid to cartilage)
–> reduces friction between the 2 bones (femur & tibia)
-Shock absorption

Q

What 3 bones make up the knee joint?

A

-Femur
-Patella
-Tibia

Q

What are the 2 joints in the knee?

A

1 = tibiofemoral joint (between tibia & femur)
2 = patellofemoral joint (between patella & femur)

Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee?

A

-Medial & lateral femoral condyles
-Medial & lateral tibial condyles

Q

What are menisci?

A

Shock absorbers – as inc. SA to spread force & also deepen tibial plateau (made up of the x2 tibial condyles)
-Attached to each other by ligaments
-Both on proximal tibia
= C-shaped fibrocartilage
= between femoral & tibial condyles

Q

What are the 2 types of menisci in the knee?

A

-Medial meniscus
-Lateral meniscus

Q

What are the 4 types of bursa in the knee?

A

Q

Label.

A

Q

What are the 3 general types of ligaments in the knee?

A

-Patellar ligament
-Collateral ligaments (x2)
-Cruciate ligaments (x2)

Q

What are the 2 types of collateral ligament?

A

1 = Tibial/medial collateral ligament = attaches superiorly to medial femoral epicondyle
2 = Fibular/lateral collateral ligament = attaches superiorly to lateral femoral epicondyle

Q

What are the 2 types of cruciate ligaments?

A

1 = Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) = prevents hyperextension
2 = Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) = prevents hyperflexion

Q

Label the ligaments & menisci here.

A

Q

Label.

A

Q

What causes ACL tears?

A

Hyperextension of knee joint - common in athletes

Q

Label the articulating surfaces on this femur.

A

Q

Label the articulating surfaces on this tibia.

A

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Synovial
-Ball & socket

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Synovial
-Hinge
-Bicondylar

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Cartilaginous
-Secondary symphysis

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Fibrous joint
-Syndesmosis

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Fibrous joint
-Suture

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Synovial
-Pivot

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Synovial
-Saddle

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Synovial
-Plane

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

Gomphosis

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Cartilaginous
-Synchrondrosis

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Cartilaginous
-Synchrondrosis

Q

Which joint classification/s apply to the joint indicated by the red circle in the image below?

A

-Cartilaginous
-Symphysis

Q

Label.

A

Q

Give the anatomical name of the opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass.

A

Foramen

Q

Give the anatomical name for a projection above or on the condyle.

A

Epicondyle

Q

Give the anatomical name for a space or cavity.

A

Fossa

Q

Give the anatomical name for a rounded protuberance that articulates with another bone.

A

Condyle

Q

Give the anatomical name of a depression which accommodates a blood vessel, nerve or tendon.

A

Groove/sulcus

Q

Give the anatomical name of a small rounded projection or protuberance on a bone.

A

Tubercle

Q

What is the correct description of the position of the right thigh at the hip?

A

Flexed & abducted with some lateral rotation