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Anatomy > Breast & Axilla > Flashcards

Breast & Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is the serratus anterior?

A
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2
Q

In what relation is the serratus anterior to the external intercostal muscles?

A

Superficial

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3
Q

Where does lymph (of lymphatic drainage) from breasts go first? (All routes)

A

Subareolar Plexus

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4
Q

Name the 5 axillary lymph nodes associated with the lymphatic drainage of the breast.

A

Posterior, Anterior, Lateral, Central, Apical

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5
Q

After the subareolar plexus where does lymph travel to? (Axillary route only)

A

Either the posterior, lateral or anterior axillary LNs

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6
Q

After posterior, lateral and anterior axillary LNs, where does lymph travel to? (Axillary route only)

A

Central Axillary LN

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7
Q

After central axillary LN, where does lymph travel to? (Axillary route only)

A

Apical Axillary LN (through pectoral minor muscle)

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8
Q

What are the 3 routes for lymph drainage from the breasts?

A

1 = Axillary direction
2 = Parasternal direction (in line with sternum)
3 = Inferior phrenic (below diaphragm)

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9
Q

Rough %s of lymph that drains via axillary route?

A

75%

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10
Q

Rough %s of lymph that drains via parasternal direction?

A

24%

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11
Q

Rough %s of lymph that drains via inferior phrenic direction?

A

Less than 1%

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12
Q

Which are the posterior, anterior and lateral axillary LNs?

A

Green = Posterior
Yellow = Lateral
Blue = Anterior

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13
Q

Name the axillary LNs.

A

Green = Posterior
Yellow = Lateral
Blue = Anterior
Pink = Central
Red = Apical

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14
Q

Direction of parasternal lymphatic drainage?

A

Medial

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15
Q

Where does lymph travel to after subareolar plexus in the parasternal route?

A

Parasternal LNs

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16
Q

Location of parasternal LNs?

A

In line with sternum (on either side)

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17
Q

Direction of lymph from parasternal LN?

A

Can pass to other breast, or straight to the thoracic duct (left). If passes to right breast will go to right lymphatic duct.

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18
Q

Location of inferior phrenic LNs?

A

Below diaphragm

19
Q

Where does lymph on right side of body go to after coming from LNs?

A

Right lymphatic duct

20
Q

Where does lymph on left side of body go to after coming from LNs?

A

Thoracic duct

21
Q

What happens to lymph once passes to ducts (right lymphatic or thoracic)?

A

Re-introduced to circulatory system

22
Q

Label image.

A
23
Q

When we say the thoracic duct receives lymph from left side - where exactly?

A

Everything below diaphragm, and left sides of - thorax, head, neck, upper extremities.

24
Q

What is the space between breast (adipose) tissue and pectoral fascia (connective tissue) called?

A

Rectomammary space

25
Q

Which ribs do breasts lie between?

A

Ribs 2-6

26
Q

What is the area of pigmented skin on superior surface of breast called?

A

Areola

27
Q

Name of connective tissue covering pectoral major muscle.

A

Pectoral fascia

28
Q

Name this.

A

Axillary tail

29
Q

What line does nipple sit on?

A

Mid-clavicular line

30
Q

What attaches breast tissue to pectoral/chest wall and to skin dermis - & also maintain structure & shape of breasts?

A

Cooper’s ligaments (suspensory retinacula of breast)

31
Q

What are the 5 sources of arterial blood supply to breasts? (veins follow same)

A

*Medial
Internal thoracic artery = branch off of subclavian artery

*Lateral
-Lateral/axillary thoracic artery = from axillary artery
-Thoracoacromial artery = from axillary artery
-Lateral mammary branches = from posterior intercostal arteries (from aorta) - supply lateral aspect of breast in 2nd,3rd & 4th intercostal spaces
-Mammary branch = from anterior intercostal artery

(Veins = drain into axillary & internal thoracic veins)

32
Q

What are the 3 sources of innervation (nerve supply) to breasts?

A

1 = Medial cutaneous branch
2 = Supraclavicular nerve (superior)
3 = Intercostal nerve (lateral)

Anterior & lateral cutaneous branches of 4th, 5th, 6th intercostal nerves (T4,5,6) —> sensory & autonomic nerve fibres (autonomic fibres regulate smooth muscle & blood vs tone)

-Sensation to nipple = derived from lateral cutaneous branch of T4 intercostal nerve

33
Q

What muscles do breasts lie over?

A

2/3 over pectoral major
1/3 over serratus anterior

34
Q

Where does the lateral axillary lymph node sit?

A

On subclavicular vein

35
Q

From where will lymph be re-introduced into the blood from the right lymphatic duct?

A

Right venus angle

36
Q

From where will lymph be re-introduced into the blood from the thoracic duct?

A

Left venus angle

37
Q

Label this.

A
38
Q

When we say the right lymphatic duct receives lymph from right side - where exactly?

A

Right sides of upper limbs, thorax, head, neck.

39
Q

Location of thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct?

A

Where internal jugular vein and subclavian vein join. (at 90 degree angle = venus angles)

40
Q

What are the vessels and nerves of the axilla (x3)?

A

Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Axillary nerve

41
Q

What is the intertubercular sulcus?

A

A vertical groove/depression at proximal end of humerus.

42
Q

Where is the mid-axillary line?

A
43
Q

Name quadrants of breast.

A
44
Q

Label this.

A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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