Henrician Reformation

Question 1

When Anne Boleyn emerge as Queen Consort?

Answer 1

from 1533 to 1536, as a major player in her own right.

Question 2

What did she (Anne B) have an enthusiasm for?

Answer 2

the contemporary French reform movement and was unafraid to draw Henry’s attention to important early works of Protestantism in English.

Question 3

What was Anne B’s initiative of England?

Answer 3

it gained its first Protestant bishops and its carefully chosen chaplains were some of the future leaders of Protestant Church of England. this included Elizabeth 1st Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker

Question 4

What gave the timing of the break with Rome?

Answer 4

Anne fell pregnant and decisive action needed to be taken to guarantee legitimacy of the new heir.

Question 5

Which book did Anne give to Henry?

Answer 5

‘Obediance of Christian Man’, a heretical / Protestant book.

Question 6

What was Anne Boleyn’s period as Queen described as?

Answer 6

‘her reign’

Question 7

When did Henry move to a decision to break with Rome?

Answer 7

mid-1532 = Clergy submitted and Cromwell had risen to execute orders and add details to king’s generalisation.

Question 8

When did Henry’s agents’ tour continental universities?

Answer 8

1530, to seek verdicts to battle favourable opinions which Oxbridge persuaded to pronounce on his case. secured support from 8 foreign universities like Bologna and Paris. More were against him and it became apparent that the limited academic backing which he had secured wouldn’t change the Pope’s mind.

Question 9

When was Cranmer in Henry’s service?

Answer 9

1520. he was inclined to Protestant views when Warham died in autumn 1532.

Question 10

What did Cranmer state about the marriage of Henry 8 to C of A?

Answer 10

It was invalid from the start and his union with Anne Boleyn. there was a frontal challenge with papal authority as Clement was still considering the case.

Question 11

How did Cranmer gain his position?

Answer 11

‘By accident’ rather than ambition.

Question 12

How was Cromwell important in the Reformation?

Answer 12

he had an inventive and discipline mind behind the move towards Protestantism. he took the Vicegerent to ensure loyalty to Henry as Head of Church.

Question 13

Who swore an oath repudiating papal authority?

Answer 13

all religious and lay officers. it also supported the king’s supremacy in a style that would be understood by the majority.

Question 14

Who gave sermons against papal authority?

Answer 14

Preachers, in defence of the king’s marriage to Anne and his supremacy.

Question 15

Who were asked to enforce legislation, make arrests and provide information against dissidents?

Answer 15

Bishops and JPs.

Question 16

What did Cromwell do in the Reformation?

Answer 16

He identified the existence of a problem which requuired a solution and formulated it precisely, devised a solution which went to the root of the issue, converted the solution into practical politics by framing a specific measure of reform and endeavored to apply it with a timeless persistence.

Question 17

When was Cromwell made a member of the King’s council?

Answer 17

1531

Question 18

When was Cromwell made the master of the King’s Jewels?

Answer 18

1535.

Question 19

Was the idea of rejecting Rome a new idea?

Answer 19

no, it was in Henry’s mind before Cromwell could have put it in there. Henry was in control and took the decision himself to break with Rome. C.Russel states ‘reformation wasn’t a new suggestion’.

Question 20

When did Henry have a copy of the manuscript ‘Collectanea Satis Copiosa’?

Answer 20

since 1530, it was make by Foxe and Cranmer. it was a collection of legal and historical precedents that deny papal jurisdiction.

Question 21

What did Henry fear from the Pope as a result of the break with Rome?

Answer 21

excommunication. it nulled the oath of loyalty from the nobles.

Question 22

Which role did Cromwell play during the Reformation?

Answer 22

he drew up detailed anti papal legislation of 1532-34 which was put through Parliament.

Question 23

What was described of the Reformation?

Answer 23

Henry was ‘undoubtedly the man behind it’ with Cromwell being the ‘executant of the king’s delights’

Question 24

What does the historian Elton argue about the Reformation?

Answer 24

it was only after Cromwell became the king’s chief advisor in 1532 that a way was found of translating Henry’s wishes into practice.

Question 25

What does Scarisbrick argue behind the break with Rome?

Answer 25

the fundamental ideas which were expounded in the statutes of 1532-34 were all available to Henry by 1530-31. Before the admission of Cromwell to the inner ring of royal councillors.