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Master PA Deck > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

WBC

A

4,000-10,000/microL

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2
Q

Hemoglobin (male)

A

14-18 mg/dL

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3
Q

Hemoglobin (female)

A

12-16 mg/dL

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4
Q

Hemacrit (male)

A

42-52%

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5
Q

Hemacrit (female)

A

37-47%

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6
Q

MCV

A

80-96 fl

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7
Q

MCH

A

28-32 pg

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8
Q

MCHC

A

32-36%

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9
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-450,000

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10
Q

ANC

A

1.5-8.0

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11
Q

Neutrophils

A

Relative normal: 54-62%

Absolute normal: 2000-8000

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Relative normal: 23-33%

Absolute normal: 1000-4000

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13
Q

Monocytes

A

Relative normal: 3-7%

Absolute normal: 200-800

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14
Q

Eosinophils

A

Relative normal: 1-3%

Absolute normal: 100-400

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15
Q

Basophils

A

Relative normal: 0-1%

Absolute normal: 0-400

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16
Q

Macrocytic anemias

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

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17
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Macrocytic with arrested nuclear development

18
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Anemia of chronic disease

19
Q

Red blood cell maturation

A 
Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatic erythroblast
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Mature RBC
20
Q

WBC Maturation

A 
Blast
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Neutrophil
21
Q

Innate immune cells

A 
Neutrophils
mast cells
monocytes
basophils
eosinophils
22
Q

Adaptive immune cells

A

Natural killer cells
T-cells
B-cells (plasma cells)

23
Q

Platelet maturation

A

Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte (stage I-IV)
Platelets

24
Q

T-cell receptor

A

Recognizes properly presented peptide antigens from pathogens

25
Q

CD4

A

(T-Helper Cells)
Recognize MHC-II
Trigger an immune response

26
Q

CD8

A

(Cytotoxic T-Cells)
Recognize MHC I
Destroy cell displaying MHC I

27
Q

CD28

A

Co-stimulator that binds to a protein called B7 found on antigen presenting cells

Required for full activation of T-helper cell

28
Q

B7

A

Protein found on antigen presenting cells

Modulates T-helper cell response, as the infection develops, the amount of B7 expressed by APCs increases

29
Q

CTLA4/PD-1

A

Bind to B7 and prevent CD28 from binding. When present in high levels, such as on T-regs, it will up B7 and prevent a T-cell from having a full response.

30
Q

IgA

A

Glandular secretions (saliva, breast milk, semen, tears)

Destroy pathogen before it can get into internal tissues

31
Q

IgE

A

Exposed on the surface of basophils and mast cells

Connected to allergies and asthma

Often involve a histamine release

Very good against parasitic worms

32
Q

IgG

A

Responsible for resistance to bacteria, virus and bacterial toxins

33
Q

IgM

A

The first type of antibody secreted after exposure to antigen.

Responsible for the anti-A and anti-B antibodies involved in blood type

Made by early B cells

34
Q

IgD

A

Located on the surface of B cells

Can bind to antigens in the extracellular fluid

Binding can play a role in the sensitization of the B cell

35
Q

Required for full T-helper cell activation

A

APC presents MHC-II with an antigen peptide to CD4

APCs has B7 that binds to T-helper cell’s CD28

36
Q

Full T-cell activation triggers

A

Release of cytokines

Chemotaxis of B-cells and antibodies

Promotion of inflammation

Promotion of macrophages

37
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, B-cells

38
Q

Hematopoiesis (first location and time frame)

A

Yolk sac

Dominant from conception to 12 weeks fetal

39
Q

Hematopoiesis (Second location and time frame)

A

Liver and Spleen

Dominant 12-20 weeks fetal

40
Q

Hematopoiesis (Third location and time frame)

A

Bone marrow
Dominant by 20 weeks fetal then throughout life
Long bones in children
Flat bones in adult

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