CM: Derm - Benign Lesions, Alopecia and Nail Disorders Flashcards
Verruca Vulgaris (other names)
common warts
Seborrheic keratosis (description)
Noncancerous (benign) skin growths that some people develop as they age. They often appear on the back or chest, but can occur on any part of the body.
Molluscum contagiosum (other name)
pox virus
Achrochordons (other name)
skin tags
Acathosis nigrans (associated illnesses)
associated with insulin resistance and obesity
Cherry angioma (cause)
genetic (autosomal dominant)
Dermatofibroma (description)
overresponse of fibroblasts to trauma
Keloids (description)
Type of raised scar. They occur where the skin has healed after an injury. They can grow to be much larger than the original injury that caused the scar.
Sebaceous hyperplasia (associated illnesses)
seen in rosacea
Sebaceous hyperplasia (description)
A common, benign condition of sebaceous glands in adults of middle age or older. Lesions can be single or multiple and manifest as yellowish, soft, small papules on the face (particularly nose, cheeks, and forehead
Lipoma (cause)
Genetic predisposition
Lipoma (description)
A growth of fatty tissue that slowly develops under your skin.
Lipoma (location)
A lipoma can form on any part of the body, but they typically appear on the: neck. shoulders
Epidermal inclusion cyst (other names)
sebaceous cyst and epidermoid cyst
Epidermal inclusion cyst (description)
Ranges in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters and originates from the follicular infundibulum. Its contents are a cheesy, malodorous mixture of degraded lipid and keratin
Verruca vulgaris (cause)
human papilloma virus
Verruca vulgaris (description)
a benign growth caused by localized infection
Molluscum contagiosum (description)
viral infection of the skin that results in round, firm, painless bumps ranging in size from a pinhead to a pencil eraser
Acathosis nigrans (description)
A brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin
Acathosis nigrans (location)
Found in body folds, such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas
Cherry angioma (description)
A smooth, cherry-red bump on the skin
Cherry angioma (population)
Usually appear on people over the age of 40
Alopecia Areata (description)
Scarring alopecia that has a well circumscribed patch that is smooth to the touch.
Alopecia Areata (cause)
Unknown but believed to an immune response to the hair follicle itself
Alopecia Areata (complications)
Can be an early sign of other autoimmune diseases; can lead to alopecia totalis
Male patterned baldness (cause)
Genetically determined by the mother’s side of the family
Male patterned baldness (unique characteristic)
Only non-scarring alopecia
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (description)
Scarring alopecia with five variations that may or may not be associated with hair loss. If hair loss occurs, it is permanent as the follicle is destroyed.
Trichotillomania (description)
Hair loss secondary to physical trauma to the hair by removing it (hair pulling). Hair will regrow. Commonly a manifestation of an anxiety disorder
Trichotillomania (treatment)
Cognitive behavioral therapy as well as dermatological treatment
Paronychia (description)
Bacterial or fungal infection of the hand or foot, where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail. The infection can start suddenly (acute paronychia) or gradually (chronic paronychia).
Compulsive nail picking (symptoms)
Lack cuticles, inflamed and excoriated proximal nail folds
Onycholysis (description)
detachment of the nail from its bed at the distal and/or lateral attachments, common with age
Onychogryphosis (description)
rams horn deformity in the great toe
Onychauxis (description)
thickening of the entire nail plate
Onychauxis (cause)
Inherited autosomal dominant
Splinter hemorrhages (associated illnesses)
Indication of infective endocarditis
Beau lines (description)
Transverse ridging of multiple nails; indication of a systemic disease
Splinter hemorrhages (description)
Longitudinal streaks down the nails, which usually appear as small red blood vessels or streaks under the nails
Clubbing (cause)
A response to low oxygen levels in the blood, the tissue that forms the nail bed responds to hypoxia by hypertrophying; secondary sign of a pulmonary disorder
Clubbing (description)
Tips of the fingers enlarge and the nails curve around the fingertips
Habit-Tic Deformity (cause)
Caused by repetitive trauma in the middle of the nail, commonly caused by a subconscious repetitive pressing on the cuticle which damages keratin of the growing nail
Specialized layers of nail epithelia
proximal nail fold, nail matrix, nail bed, hyponychium
Hyponychium
Area of epithelium, particularly the thickened portion, underlying the free edge of the nail plate on the nail. Its proximal border is immediately distal to distal limit of nail bed
Nail matrix
Area where your fingernails and toenails start to grow
Proximal nail fold
The tissue that encloses the nail matrix at the root of the nail. It attaches the nail to the rest of the skin through the protective cuticle
Nail bed
The formative layer of cells underlying the fingernail or toenail
