BS: Humoral Immune System

Question 1

Cells of Humoral Immunity

Answer 1

B-cells and plasma cells

Question 2

Type of precursor cells for Humoral Immunity

Answer 2

Lymphoid precursors

Question 3

B-cell place of maturation

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

Location of memory B-cells

Answer 4

Lymph nodes

Question 5

Purpose of memory B-cells

Answer 5

When memory B-cells recognize an antigen the body has seen before, memory B-cells can trigger the creation of more antibodies and different types of antibodies with specific abilities

Question 6

Causation of plasma cells

Answer 6

B-cells become plasma cells when triggered by an antigen

Question 7

Cell that forms the basis of vaccination

Answer 7

Memory B-cells

Question 8

Type of immunity the humoral response is considered

Answer 8

Adaptive

Question 9

Methods microbes use to avoid antibodies

Answer 9

Antigenic variation
Inhibition of complement activation
Blocking by hyaluronic acid capsule

Question 10

Possible effects of Antibodies

Answer 10

1. Neutralization of microbes and toxins by antibody itself
2. Recruitment of phagocytes
3. Activation of NK cells for specific microbe
4. Complement activation
5. Activation of eosinophils or mast cells by IgE

Question 11

V(D)J Recombination

Answer 11

The process of creating variable antigen binding proteins

Question 12

Number of possible versions of V segment of heavy and light chains

Answer 12

Over 100

Question 13

Number of possible versions of D segment of heavy and light chains

Answer 13

About 20

Question 14

Number of possible versions of J segment of heavy and light chains

Answer 14

4-5

Question 15

Antibody classes

Answer 15

IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA

Question 16

Antibody structure description

Answer 16

A tetramer composed of four protein, two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains, each with a variable and constant domain

Question 17

Location of antigen binding sites on antibody

Answer 17

Variable regions

Question 18

IgG

Answer 18

Accounts for 80 % of antibodies;

Responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins

Question 19

IgE

Answer 19

Attaches to exposed surfaces of basophils and mast cells

Question 20

IgD

Answer 20

Located on the surface of B cells
Binds to antigens in extracellular fluid
Plays a role in the sensitization of the B cell

Question 21

IgM

Answer 21

First class secreted after antigen encounter
Production decreases as IgG production increases
Responsible for the anti-A and anti-B antibodies related to blood type

Question 22

IgA

Answer 22

Primarily found in grandular secretions including breast milk
Attack pathogens before they gain access to internal tissues