Hematologic Agents Flashcards
[hematopoietic growth factors]
treatment of iron deficiency anemia
ferrous sulfate
[hematopoietic growth factors]
treatment of megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency
cyanocobalamin
[hematopoietic growth factors]
treatment of megaloblastic anemia, prevention of neural tube defects (spina bifida)
folate/ folic acid
[hematopoietic growth factors]
anemia in chronic kidney disease
erythropoeitin
[hematopoietic growth factors]
treatment of neutropenia and agranulocytosis
filgrastim
[hematopoietic growth factors]
treatment of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia
oprelvekin
Iron content of some oral iron proparations (% w/w)
Fe carbonate/carbonyl iron - 100% Fe fumarate - 33% Fe sulfate, dried - 30% Fe sulfate, hydrated - 20% Ferric ammonium sulfate - 18% Fe gluconate - 12%
[anticoagulants]
acute treatment of DVT, PE and AMI
SE: bleeding, thrombocytopenia, monitor with PTT
heparin
antidote to heparin-induced bleeding
protamine sulfate
low molecular weight heparin, less risk of thrombocytopenia, does not need monitoring
enoxaparin
treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, percutaneous coronary angioplasty (with aspirin)
lepirudin
dabigatram
a heparinoid consisting of 80% heparin and 20% dermatan sulfate
sulodexide
chronic anticoagulation
SE: bleeding, skin necrosis, many drug interactions
warfarin
inhibit X, IX, VII, II, protein C, S
antidote to warfarin (immediate reversal)
FFP (fast)
antidote to warfarin (reversal over time)
vitamin K (slow)
what laboratory tests will you request to assess the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways?
"PweT ni PhiTT" PiTT PTT for intrinsic pathway PeT PT for extrinsic pathway
in patients requiring anticoagulation, why is an overlap between heparin and warfarin usually done?
- warfarin effect requires elimination of preformed clotting factors (8-60h)
- to bypass the initial prothrombotic effect of warfarin (skin necrosis)
[thrombolytic agents]
thrombolysis in AMI, ischemic CVD and PE
SE: bleeding
alteplase
[thrombolytic agents]
bacteria-derived thrombolytic, decreased effect on subsequent uses due to antibody formation
streptokinase
[thrombolytic agents]
antidote to thrombolytic overdose
aminocaproic acid
[antiplatelet drugs]
irreversible COX inhibitor, instant prevention of arterial thrombosis
SE: tinnitus, hypersensitivity, Reye syndrome
aspirin
[antiplatelet drugs]
ADP inhibitor, additive effects with aspirin
clopidogrel, ticlodipine
[antiplatelet drugs]
glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitor
“ATE”
abciximab
tirofiban
eptifibatide
[antiplatelet drugs]
phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cardiac stress testing
dipyridamole
cilostazol
what is the triad of aspirin hypersensitivity?
SAMTER TRIAD
asthma
aspirin hypersensitivity
nasal polyps
what are the signs of ASA poisoning?
ASA poisoning "CHAFS" coma hyperventilation acidosis (HAGMA) fever seizure
what is the expected acid-base abnormality in salicylate poisoning?
respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA
what is the difference between in presention of aspirin intoxication in children and adults?
ADULTS
-mixed acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA
CHILDREN
-pure acid-base disorder HAGMA
what is the difference between an inhibitor and an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation?
INHIBITORS: completely halt ETC
UNCOUPLERS: dissipate proton gradient without interrupting ETC
A fibrinolytic that interacts with plasminogen to produce plasmin which breaks down fibrin
Streptokinase
Direct factor XA inhibitor (all with XA except for Enoxaparin)
RivaroXAban
Low molecular weight heparin (inhibits factor Xa, lesser inhibition on antithrombin)
Enoxaparin
High molecular weight heparin (inhibits both factor XA and antithrombin)
Unfractionated heparin
Is commonly used in patients with atrial fibrillation for prevention of thromboembolic events such as stroke
Coumarin
