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Pharma Review > Antimictobials, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal, Antihelminths > Flashcards

Antimictobials, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal, Antihelminths Flashcards

1
Q

BacteriCIDAL Antibiotics

A 
"Very Finely Proficient At Murder"
vancomycin
fluoroquinolones
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
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2
Q

BacterioSTATIC Antibiotics

A 
"we're ECSTaTic about bacteriostatics"
erythromycin
clindamycin
sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim
tetracycline
chloramphenicol
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3
Q

[penicillin]
narrow spectrum penicillin
SE: hypersensitivity, GI upset

A 
Pen G (inject)
Pen V (oral) "vunganga"
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4
Q

[penicillin]
penicillinase-resistant penicillins
SE: interstitial nephritis, neutropenia

A

methicillin

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5
Q

[penicillin]
extended-spectrum penicillins
SE: pseudomembranous colitis

A

ampicillin (most likely to cause rash)
amoxicillin

AMPicillin- AMPed up penicillin
amOxicillin- greater Oral bioavailability

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6
Q

[penicillin]
antipseudomonal penicillins
SE: hypertension, hypervolemia, bleeding

A

piperacillin

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7
Q

[penicillin]

used for staph

A

nafcillin

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8
Q

Amoxicillin HELPS kill enterococci

A 
Amoxicillin "HELPS" kill enterococci
Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella spp.
Enterococci
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9
Q

Takes Care of Pseudomonas

A

“TCP” Takes Care of Pseudomonas
ticarcillin
carbenicillin
piperacillin

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10
Q 
1st generation cephalosporin, 
high bone penetration, 
surgical prophylaxis,
greatest gram-positive coverage
SE: hypersensitivity reaction
A

cefazolin

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11
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin,
added gram negative coverage
SE: disulfiram reaction

A

cefamandole

cefotetan

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12
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin, pseudomonas coverage

SE: disulfiram reaction

A

cefoPERAzone

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13
Q

most efficacious cephalosporin for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

ceftaziDIME

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14
Q

4th generation cephalosporin, broad spectrum activity (gram positive and gram negative)

A

cefepime

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15
Q

which cephalosporin has the best penetrance to the BBB?

A

ceftriaxone

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16
Q

microbes covered by 1st gen cephalosporins

A 
microbes covered by 1st gen cephalosporins
"PEKs first"
Proteus mirabilis
escherichia coli
klebsiella pneumoniae
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17
Q

1st generation cephalosporins

A 
1st generation cephalosporins "PH, FAD, FAZ"
ceFADroxil
ceFAZolin
cePHalothin
cePHapirin
cePHradine
cePHalexin
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18
Q

microbes covered by 2nd gen cephalosporins

A 
HEN has KEPS
haemophilus influenzae
enterobacter aerogenes
neisseria spp.
klebsiella pneumoniae
escherichia coli
proteus mirabilis
serratia marcescens
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19
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A 
2nd generation cephalosporins
"fox, fur, for, fam, teta, fon, fac, lora, pro, azole"
ceFOXitin
ceFURoxime
ceFORanide
ceFAMandole
cefoTETAN
ceFONicid
ceFAClor
LORAcarbed
cefPROzil
cefmetAZOLE
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20
Q

cephalosporins causing disulfiram reaction

A 
cephalosporins causing disulfiram reaction
"man, azole, teta, pera"
cefaMANdole
cefmetAZOLE
cefoTETAn
cefoPERAzone
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21
Q

most commonly used against Bacteroides

A

ceftizoxime

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22
Q

most active cephs against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae

A

ceftriaxone

cefotaxime

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23
Q

has a very good action on pseudomonas

A

ceftazidime

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24
Q

best CNS penetrance

A

ceftriaxone

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25
Q

has good activity against B. fragilis and thus used for abdominal and pelvic infections

A

cefotetan

cefoxitin

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26
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A 
"FEnge PO PERA to FIX my TTTTTV"
(about money)
ceFEtamet
cefPOdoxin
cefoPERAzone
ceFIXime
cefTRIAxone
cefTaziDIME
cefoTAXime
cefoTIZOxime
cefTibuten
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27
Q

anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins

A

ceftaziDIME
ceFEPime
cefoPERAzone

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28
Q

silver bullet agains gram negative bacteria, no gram-positive activity,
with anti-pseudomonal coverage

A

aztreonam

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29
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitor

SE: cholestatic jaundice

A

“CAST”
clavulonic acid
sulbactam
tazobactam

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30
Q

treatment for MRSA

SE: red man syndrome

A

vancomycin

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31
Q

drug of last resort, broad spectrum of activity

SE: CNS toxicity (confusion, encephalopathy, seizures)

A

imipenem-cilastatin

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32
Q

Drugs of last resort

A 
"I AM your Last Shot at Victory"
imipenem
amikacin
meropenem
linezolid
streptogramins
vancomycin
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33
Q

[protein synthesis inhibitors]
binds to 50S subunit
SE: aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol - inhibits peptidyl transferase

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34
Q

[protein synthesis inhibitors]
binds to 30S subunit
SE: tooth enamel discoloration, photosensitivity

A

tetracycline

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35
Q

[protein synthesis inhibitors]
binds to 50S subunit
DOC for penicillin-allergic patients
SE: diarrhea, cholestatic jaundice, QT prolongation

A 
Macrolides:
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
telithromycin
roxithromycin
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36
Q

used for macrolide-resistance

A

telithromycin

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37
Q

macrolide with highest Vd (volume distribution) and slowest elimination, single dose administration; binds to 50S subunit

A

azithromycin

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38
Q

all macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

A

azithromycin

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39
Q

binds to 50S subunit, anaerobic coverage

SE: pseudomembranous colitis

A

Lincosamide:
clindamycin
lancomycin

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40
Q

binds to 50S subunit, vancomycin-resistance

A

Oxazolidinone (linezolid, tedizolid)

streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin)

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41
Q

blocks attachment of T-RNA to acceptor site

A

tetracyclines

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42
Q

for anaerobic infections ABOVE the diaphragm

A

clindamycin

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43
Q

for anaerobic infections BELOW the diaphragm

A

metronidazole

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44
Q

[aminoglycosides]

has lowest therapeutic index

A

amikacin

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45
Q 
[aminoglycosides]
bactericidal
binds to 30S subunit
treatment if endocarditis
SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
A

gentamicin

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46
Q

[aminoglycosides]

treatment of ocular infections

A

tobramycin

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47
Q

[aminoglycosides]

treatment of tuberculosis

A

streptomycin

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48
Q

[aminoglycosides]

treatment of drug-resistant gonorrhea

A

spectinomycin

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49
Q

[aminoglycosides]

widest spectrum of activity, pseudomonas coverage, narrow therapeutic window

A

amikacin

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50
Q

[aminoglycosides]

treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

A

neomycin

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51
Q

Mean GiANTS canNOT kill anaerobes

A 
Mean GiANTS canNOT kill anaerobes
gentamicin
amikacin
neomycin
tobramycin
streptomycin
nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
teratogen
(aminOglycosides require O2 for transport)`
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52
Q

[sulfonamides]

blocks dihydropteroate synthase

A

sulfamethoxazole

dapsone

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53
Q

[sulfonamides]

blocks dihydrofolate reductase

A

trimethoprim

54
Q

[sulfonamides]
sequential blockade in folate synthesis, urinary tract infections
SE: hypersensitivity (SJS, TEN), kernicterus, hemolysis in patients with G6PD

A

TMP-SMX

trimethoprim suilfonamides

55
Q

[sulfonamides]

treatment of burn infections that can cause neutropenia

A

sulfadiazine

56
Q

[sulfonamides]

treatment of burn infections that can cause metabolic acidosis

A

mafenide acetate

57
Q

[fluoroquinolone]
2nd generation quinolone, treatment of urinary tract infections and GIT infections
SE: tendinitis, tendon rupture, QT prolongation

A

ciprofloxacin

58
Q

[fluoroquinolone]

3rd generation quinolone, treatment of pulmonary infections

A

levofloxacin

59
Q 
[fluoroquinolone]
3rd generation quinolone
broad spectrum of activity,
anaerobic coverage,
treatment of ocular infections
A

moxifloxacin

60
Q

[fluoroquinolone]
3rd generation quinolone
SE: diabetes mellitus

A

gatifloxacin

61
Q

[fluoroquinolone]
3rd generation quinolone
SE: cardiotoxicity

A

grepafloxacin

62
Q

[fluoroquinolone]
4th generation quinolone
SE: hepatotoxicity

A

trovafloxacin

63
Q

[fluoroquinolone]

most active agent against gram (-) organisms esp pseudomonas

A

ciprofloxacin

fluoroquinolone MOA: inhibits DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; cidal

64
Q

inhibits cartilage development

A

fluoroquinolones

“FluoroquinoLONES hurt attachment to your BONES (cartilage damage)”

65
Q

antimicrobial with anaerobic and antiprotozoal coverage,
treatment of pseudomembranous colitis
SE: disulfiram reaction, metallic taste, neurotoxicity

A

metronidazole

66
Q

antimicrobial for treatment of urinary tract infections

SE: pulmonary fibrosis

A

nitrofurantoin

67
Q

[Anti-mycobacterial agents]
Cidal;
inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
SE: neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, sideroblastic anemia, drug-induced lupus, Potent CYP450 INHIBITOR

A

isoniazid

68
Q

[Anti-mycobacterial agents]
Cidal;
inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
SE: red orange urine, hepatotoxicity, CYP450 INDUCER

A

rifampicin

69
Q

used in patients with PTB

A

rifabutin

70
Q

used in patients with traveller’s diarrhea

A

rifaximin

71
Q

[Anti-mycobacterial agents]
Static;
inhibits arabinoglactan sythesis
SE: visual dysfunction (retrobulbar neuritis, color blindness)

A

ethambutol

72
Q

[Anti-mycobacterial agents]
Static but Cidal on actively dividing MTB
SE: hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity (most)

A

pyrazinamide

73
Q

[Anti-mycobacterial agents]
Cidal;
binds to 30S, IM
SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

A

streptomycin

74
Q

Mnemonic:

INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes

A

INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes

75
Q 
Mnemonic:
R= Rifampicin
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Red-orange body fluids
Rapid development of resistance
Revs up cytochrome P450 (inducer)
A 
Mnemonic:
R= Rifampicin
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Red-orange body fluids
Rapid development of resistance
Revs up cytochrome P450 (inducer)
76
Q

[drugs for leprosy]
most active drug against M. leprae;
inhibits folate synthesis
SE: methemoglobinemia, hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients

A

dapsone

77
Q

[drugs for leprosy]
inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
SE: red-orange urine, delays onset of dapsone resistance

A

rifampicin

78
Q

[drugs for leprosy]
phenazine dye, binds to guanine bases
SE: skin discoloration

A

clofazimine

79
Q

[antifungals]
most efficacious antifungal drug, forms artificial pores
SE: nephrotoxicity (RTA), infusion-related reactions

A

amphotericin B

80
Q

[antifungals]
topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis
SE: gynecomastia, CYP450 inhibitor

A

ketoconazole

81
Q

[antifungals]

DOC for treatment and secondary prophylaxis of cryptococcal meningitis

A

fluconazole

82
Q

[antifungals]
interferes with fungal microtubules;
potent CYP450 inducer

A

griseofulvin

83
Q

[antifungals]

treatment of candidiasis (oropharyngeal, esophageal, vaginal), swish and swallow or suppository preparations

A

nystatin

84
Q

inhibits DNA polymerase

SE: nephrotoxicity

A

antivirals

85
Q

[antivirals]
treatment of HSV and VZV;
requires activation by viral thymidine kinase
SE: crystalluria

A

acyclovir

86
Q

[antivirals]
treatment of CMV;
requires activation by viral thymidine kinase

A

ganciclovir

87
Q

[antivirals]
treatment of HSV, VZV and CMV;
does not require viral thymidine kinase activation

A

foscarnet, cidofovir

88
Q

[antivirals]
prevents viral uncoating, influenza A coverage
SE: cerebellar dysfunction, livedo reticularis

A

amantadine

89
Q

[antivirals]
neuramminidase inhibitor;
DOC for influenza

A

oseltamivir

90
Q

[antivirals]

treatment of hepatitis B infection

A

lamivudine

91
Q

[antivirals]

treatment of hepatitis C and RSV infection

A

ribavirin

92
Q

mnemonics:
[AMANTADINE]
A man to dine takes off his coat
Amantidine prevents uncoating

A

mnemonics:
[AMANTADINE]
A man to dine takes off his coat
Amantidine prevents uncoating

93
Q

[antivirals]
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI),
requires phosphorylation, primary drug for HIV,
prevents vertical transmission of HIV
SE: lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression

A

zidovudine

94
Q

[antivirals]
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI),
no phosphorylation required
SE: hepatotoxicity

A

delavirdine

95
Q

[antivirals]
protease inhibitor;
SE: fat redistribution syndrome, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance

A

“-navir”

Ritonavir

96
Q

[antivirals]

fusion inhibitor, binds gp41 subunit

A

enfuvirtide

97
Q

[antivirals]

binding inhibitor, CCR5 antagonist

A

maraviroc

98
Q 
mnemonic
[NNRTIs]
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides
Nevirapine
Efavirenz, Etravirine
Delavirdine
A 
mnemonic
[NNRTIs]
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Never Ever Deliver Nucleosides
Nevirapine
Efavirenz, Etravirine
Delavirdine
99
Q

mnemonic
[Protease inhibitors]
All protease inhibitors end with -navir
NAVIR (never) tease a proTEASE

A

mnemonic
[Protease inhibitors]
All protease inhibitors end with -navir
NAVIR (never) tease a proTEASE

100
Q

[anti-malarial]
primary drug for malaria, prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin
SE: retinal damage, hearing loss

A

chloroquine

101
Q

[anti-malarial]
chloroquine-resistance, severe malaria,
DOC for pregnant patients with malaria
SE: hypoglycemia, blackwater fever, cinchonism

A

quinine (class 1a)

102
Q

[anti-malarial]

eradication of hypnozoites of P. vivax and ovale

A

primaquine

103
Q

[anti-malarial]

chemoprophylaxis (chloroquine-resistant areas)

A

mefloquine,

malarone

104
Q

[anti-malarial]

chemoprophylaxis (multi-drug resistant areas)

A

doxycycline

105
Q

[anti-malarial]

DOC for malaria in the Philippines (P. falciparum)

A

artemether/ lumefantrine

co-artem

106
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]
asymptomatic cyst carries of E. histolytica
SE: flatulence

A

diloxanide furoate

107
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]
amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis;
SE: disulfiram reaction

A

metronidazole (forms free radicals)

108
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]

cryptosporidium parvum infection

A

nitrazoxanide

109
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]

pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia

A

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

110
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]

toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

111
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]

african sleeping sickness (T. bruceii)

A

malarsoprol +- suramin

“sure mellow sleep”

112
Q 
[anti-protozoal drugs]
Chagas disease (T. Cruzi)
A

nifurtimox

113
Q

[anti-protozoal drugs]

leishmaniasis

A

sodium stibogluconate

114
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]
inhibits helminthic microtubules;
ovicidal

A

mebendazole

any but not albendazole

115
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]
inhibits helminthic microtubules, ovicidal and larvicidal.
DOC for hydatid disease (echinococcosis)

A

albendazole

116
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]
DOC for filaria and loa loa
SE: filarial fever

A

diethylcarbam

117
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]
DOC for strongyloides and onchocerca
SE: mazzotti reaction (cause flaccid paralysis)

A

ivermectin

118
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]

DOC for enterobium (cause spastic paralysis)

A

pyrantel pamoate

119
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]

DOC for trichinosis

A

thiabendazole

120
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]
DOC for trematodes and cestodes
except echinococcosis

A

praziquantel

albendazole for echinococcosis

121
Q

[anti-helminthic drugs]

back-up drug to praziquantel

A

niclosamide

122
Q

[anti-fungal]

Broadest spectrum triazole (the only azole with activity against Rhizopus sp/ mucormycosis)

A

Posaconazole

123
Q

[anti-fungal]

Can increase levels of cyclosporine and tacrolimus

A

Micafungin

124
Q

Adverse effects of aminoglycoside

A

“NON”
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade

125
Q

Is given for pre-exposure prophylaxis to reduce HIV acquisition in homosexuals, heterosexuals and IV drug users

A

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine

126
Q

Is indicated for acyclovir resistant HSV and VZV in immunocompromised individuals

A

Foscarnet

127
Q

Antiviral agent that prevent vertical transmission at the onset of labor

A

Nevirapine

128
Q

First line Antiviral agent that prevent vertical transmission

A

Zidovudine

129
Q

Prevents vertical transmission of HBV when given in the last 4 weeks of gestation

A

Lamivudine

130
Q

A patient with Hepatitis B and co-infected with HIV is best treated with

A

Lamivudine

131
Q

Antiviral agent that does not cause termination of chain elongation because of the presence of 3-OH group

A

Penciclovir

Pharma Review (15 decks)

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