Heart Function and Flow Flashcards
Deoxigenated blood coming from the body enters the ….
Right Atrium
From the Right Atrium, blood flows through the _____ into the ________.
Tricuspid Valve , Right Ventricle
When Right ventricle contracts it closes the _____ and opens the _____.
Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve
The pulmonary valve carries blood to the …
Right and Left Lungs.
Venules in the Lungs are branches of the …
Pulmonary Veins
Four Pulmonary veins carry oxigenated blood from the ____ to the ______.
Lung, to Left Atrium of the Heart
Oxigenated blood flows from the Left Atrium through the ____ or ____ valve.
Mitral or bicuspid
Contraction of the Left Ventrical closes the ____ valve and opens the _____ valve.
mitral, aortic
The Right and Left Coronary arteries branch off of the _____.
Aorta
The coronary arteries supply both the _____ and the _____.
Heart , and Body.
Tachycardia
Greater than 100 beats per minute.
Bradycardia
Less than 60 beats per min.
Gallop Rythm
4 heart sounds instead of 2. Abnormal. Indication of Heart failure.
Premature Atrial/Nodal Contractions
a beat of atrial/nodal nature that comes earlier than expected.
Premature Ventricular Contractions (aka: Ectopic Heartbeat)
Beat of ventricular origin that comes earlier than the next (skipped beat). Can be found in normal heart or w/problems like ischemia.
Sinus Arrhythamia
Heart rate speeds up with inspiration and slows with expiration.
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular rhythm irregular, though short periods of regular rhythm present too. Main cause of stroke in elderly.
Ventricular Fibrillation
Parts of ventricle depolarize in erratic manner. EKG shows random, unrelated pattern. No recognizable QRS complex. Usually fatal.
P Waves on EKG
Atrial Depolarization (activation)
QRS Complex on EKG
Ventricular Depolarization (activation)
T wave on EKG
Ventricular repolarization (activation)
Systole
Pressure during the period of ventricular contraction
Diastolic
Minimum level of pressure during ventricular relaxation.
Normal Blood Pressure
below 120/80
Prehypertension
120- 129 Systole, 80-89 Diastole
Stage 1 Hypertension
140 -159 Systole, 90-99 Diastole
Stage 2 Hypertension
Systole 160 or higher, Diastole 100 or higher
Essential Hypertension
HBP with no identifiable cause
Portal Hypertension
HBP in branches of the portal vein (brings blood from intestine to Liver)
Secondary Hypertension
Underlying, identifiable correctable cause for HBP 5-10% of population has this.
Pulmonary Hypertension
HBP in arteries of Lung. Right side works harder.
Orthostatic Hypotension
AKA: Postural Hypotension. When BP falls when person stands up. Increases with age.
CPR 1.2.3.
- Open Airway. 2. 30 chest thrusts/ 2 breaths 3. Do 4 times then check pulse/breath.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot in a deep vein of body. Biggest threat is that it will dislodge and travel to Lung, become pulmonary embolism. Swelling in extremity, redness, hot. Or asymptomatic.
Mesenteric Thrombosis
Blood clot that block the mesentric vein that is in tissue connecting intestine to back of abdominal wall. Risks: BC Pills, Portal HBP, smokers, hyper-coagulable blood.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteries loose elasticity in walls and blood supply and oxygen is limited to Heart.
Artherosclerosis
Fatty deposits (Plaque) accumulates in walls of coronary arteries. High blood cholesterol cause common.
Desirable overall level of Cholesterol
< 200mg/dL or <5.2 mmol/L
Borderline High RiskCholesterol levels
200-239 mg/dl or 5.2 -6.2 mmol/L
High Risk Cholesterol levels
> 240 mg/dl or >6.2 mmol/L
Normal Tryglyceride Levels
<150 mg/dl or <1.69 mmol/L
High Tryglyceride levels
200-498 mg/dl or 2.25 - 5.63 mmol/L
Low HDL Cholesterol is _____ for Heart disease.
Heightened risk.
Low HDL for Men is ______ and women is _____
<40 mm/dl (<1.03 ), <50 mm/dl
High HDL is:
Protective against Heart disease (>60 mg/dl or > 1.55 mg/dl)
High LDL is _________ for heart disease.
A greater risk.
Optimal LDL is :
<100 mg/dl or < 2.6 mmo/L
High LDL is:
160 -189 mg//dl or 4.1-4.9 mmol/L
