heart failure and diuretics Flashcards
the pharmacology instructor is discussing the effects on the heart of different medications. what is the term the instructor would use to describe the effect of a medication that increases the force of the contractions of the heart?
- positive chronotropic
- positive inotropic
- negative inotropic
- negative dromotropic
positive inotropic
a client is admitted to the emergency department with pulmonary edema. what diuretic does the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe to achieve rapid therapeutic effect?
- loop diuretic
- thiazide
- potassium-sparing diuretic
- osmotic diuretic
loop diuretic
which would a nurse expect to assess if a client is experiencing right-sided heart failure?
- wheezing
- hemoptysis
- peripheral edema
- dyspnea
peripheral edema
a client being treated for hypokalemia has a medication history that includes propanolol, digoxin, and warfarin. when the client report nausea, abdominal discomfort, and visual changes, the nurse suspects what as the causative factor?
- heart failure
- myocardial infarction
- acute renal failure
- digitalis toxicity
digitialis toxicity
a client began taking hydrochlorothiazide 1 week ago an is reporting occasional dizziness when she stands up quickly from sitting or lying. what is the nurse’s best action?
- arrange for the client’s potassium levels to be assessed as soon as possible
- teach the client about the blood pressure effects of the medication and relevant safety measures
- educate the client about the need for bed rest until her body adjusts to the new medication
- tell the client to withhold the next scheduled dose until she can be assessed by the provider
teach the client about the blood pressure effects of the medication and relevant safety measures
the nurse identifies the therapeutic range for digoxin as:
- 3 to 4 ng/mL
- 0.8-2 ng/mL
- 0.1-0.9 ng/mL
- 2 to 3 ng/mL
0.8-2 ng/mL
a client has edema of the lower extremities with crackles in the lung bases. what diuretic is most likely to be prescribed for a client assessed with lower extremity edema and bilateral lung crackles?
- hydrochlorothiazide
- furosemide
- spironolactone
- mannitol
furosemide
the nurse is caring for a client with peripheral edema who has just begun taking a diuretic. what assessments should the nurse use to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication? select all that apply.
- daily weights
- level of consciousness
- inspection of lower legs and feet
- urine output
- chest auscultation
daily weights, inspection of lower legs and feet, urine output
the client has crackles in the lower lobes of the lungs, an audible S3, and pitting edema in the feet and ankles. what condition is the client most likely experiencing?
- pneumonia
- liver disease
- heart failure
- myocardial infarction
heart failure
a client is taking spironolactone (Aldoctone) for edema. the nurse identifies the client’s potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. with this finding which question would be most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- “are you weighing yourself daily?”
- “is your urine dark?”
- “do you use a salt substitute?”
- “are you experiencing any leg cramps?”
“do you use a salt substitute?”
a client is being treated for heart failure. what assessment finding would the nurse interpret as most indicative of improved health status?
- decreased pitting edema
- increased skin turgor
- heart rate of 52
- improved sensorium
decreased pitting edema
a resident of a long-term care facility receives 12.5 mg metoprolol (Lopressor) at 8 AM and 8 PM daily, before administering this drug, the nurse should performand document what assessment findings?
- oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
- heart rate and blood pressure
- level of consciousness and pain level
- temperature and respiratory rate
heart rate and blood pressure
the emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing pulmonary edema. the client is treated with furosemide. what will the nurse monitor most closely?
- sodium levels
- bone marrow function
- calcium levels
- potassium levels
potassium levels
a male client has called the clinic because he is taking digoxin and is concerned about his pulse rate. the nurse should tell him to hold the medication if he reports a pulse rate of:
- 52 bpm
- 84 bpm
- 78 bpm
- 66 bpm
52 bpm
a primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for hypertension in a client with diabetes mellitus. which assessment should the nurse prioritize?
- sudden pain in the joints
- increased blood glucose levels
- occurrence of gout attacks
- sudden increase in weight
increased blood glucose levels
a nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with edema who is prescribed a diuretic. which teaching should the nurse prioritize?
- decrease fluid intale
- gradually increase the dosage
- administer early in the day
- encourage exercise
administer early in the day
